Forten Company's current year income statement, comparative balance sheets, and additional information follow. For the year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, and (4) all debits to Accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory. FORTEN COMPANY Income Statement For Current Year Ended December 31 Sales $ 617,500 Cost of goods sold 292,000 325,500 Gross profit Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) $ 139,400 Depreciation expense 27,750 167,150 Other gains (losses) Loss on sale of equipment (12,125) Income before taxes 146,225 34,050 Income taxes expense Net income $ 112,175 FORTEN COMPANY Comparative Balance Sheets December 31 Current Year Prior Year Assets Cash $ 60,400 $ 80,500 Accounts receivable 57,625 76,340 286,156 Inventory 258,800 Prepaid expenses 1,280 2,035 Total current assets 424,176 398,960 Equipment 150,500 115,000 Accumulated depreciation-Equipment (40,125) (49,500) Total assets $ 534,551 $ 464,460 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $ 125, 175 $ 60,141 73,600 Long-term notes payable 63,150 Total liabilities 133,741 188,325 Equity Common stock, $5 par value 173,250 157,250 0 Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock Retained earnings 48,000 179,560 118,885 Total liabilities and equity $ 534,551 $ 464,460 Additional Information on Current Year Transactions a. The loss on the cash sale of equipment was $12,125 (details in b). b. Sold equipment costing $67,875, with accumulated depreciation of $37,125, for $18,625 cash. c. Purchased equipment costing $103,375 by paying $44,000 cash and signing a long-term notes payable for the balance. d. Paid $48,925 cash to reduce the long-term notes payable. e. Issued 3,200 shares of common stock for $20 cash per share. f. Declared and paid cash dividends of $51,500.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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