formula but different arrangements of atoms. Use Table 8.3 to estimate AH for each of the following gas-phase isomer- ization reactions and indicate which isomer has the lower enthalpy H H I I (а) Н—С—С—0-н — Н-С-0-С-Н Нн Ethanol Dimethyl ether но — Н—С—С—Н (b) Н——С-H T I нн н Acetaldehyde Ethylene oxide Н, Н. н H HHH H I| С—С—С—С-С—Н (c) H Н H н' Pentadiene Cyclopentene Н Н Н-С—NEC — Н—С-СEN (d) Н Н Methyl isocyanide Acetonitrile | Strengths and Lengths 8.8 of Covalent Bonds The stability of a molecule is related to the strengths of its covalent bonds. We saw in Chapter 5 that we can measure the average bond enthalpy of many single bonds (Table 5.4). Table 5.4 is repeated here as Table 8.3. As you might expect, Table 8.3 shows that multiple bonds are generally stronger than single bonds TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (k)J/mol) Single Bonds 413 N-H 391 о--н F-F 463 155 С-н N-N 163 348 О-О 146 С-с N-O 201 293 О-F 190 Cl-F 253 C-N N-F О— СI 272 358 203 Cl-Cl 242 С-о N-CI 200 О-1 485 234 С-F N-Br 243 328 Br-F 237 C-CI 276 S-H 339 Br-Cl 218 С-Br Н--Н 436 SF 240 327 Br-Br 193 С-1 Н-F 567 S-Cl 259 253 С-S Н-СI 431 S-Br 218 I-CI 208 Н- Br 366 323 S-S 266 I--Br Si-H 175 Н-I 299 226 Si-Si I-I 151 301 Si-C 368 Si-O 464 Si-Cl Multiple Bonds C=C 614 N=N 418 O=O 495 C=C 839 N=N 941 C=N 615 N- O 607 S=O 523 C=N 891 S=S 418 C=O 799 C O 1072
formula but different arrangements of atoms. Use Table 8.3 to estimate AH for each of the following gas-phase isomer- ization reactions and indicate which isomer has the lower enthalpy H H I I (а) Н—С—С—0-н — Н-С-0-С-Н Нн Ethanol Dimethyl ether но — Н—С—С—Н (b) Н——С-H T I нн н Acetaldehyde Ethylene oxide Н, Н. н H HHH H I| С—С—С—С-С—Н (c) H Н H н' Pentadiene Cyclopentene Н Н Н-С—NEC — Н—С-СEN (d) Н Н Methyl isocyanide Acetonitrile | Strengths and Lengths 8.8 of Covalent Bonds The stability of a molecule is related to the strengths of its covalent bonds. We saw in Chapter 5 that we can measure the average bond enthalpy of many single bonds (Table 5.4). Table 5.4 is repeated here as Table 8.3. As you might expect, Table 8.3 shows that multiple bonds are generally stronger than single bonds TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (k)J/mol) Single Bonds 413 N-H 391 о--н F-F 463 155 С-н N-N 163 348 О-О 146 С-с N-O 201 293 О-F 190 Cl-F 253 C-N N-F О— СI 272 358 203 Cl-Cl 242 С-о N-CI 200 О-1 485 234 С-F N-Br 243 328 Br-F 237 C-CI 276 S-H 339 Br-Cl 218 С-Br Н--Н 436 SF 240 327 Br-Br 193 С-1 Н-F 567 S-Cl 259 253 С-S Н-СI 431 S-Br 218 I-CI 208 Н- Br 366 323 S-S 266 I--Br Si-H 175 Н-I 299 226 Si-Si I-I 151 301 Si-C 368 Si-O 464 Si-Cl Multiple Bonds C=C 614 N=N 418 O=O 495 C=C 839 N=N 941 C=N 615 N- O 607 S=O 523 C=N 891 S=S 418 C=O 799 C O 1072
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
![formula but different arrangements of atoms. Use Table 8.3
to estimate AH for each of the following gas-phase isomer-
ization reactions and indicate which isomer has the lower
enthalpy
H H
I I
(а) Н—С—С—0-н — Н-С-0-С-Н
Нн
Ethanol
Dimethyl ether
но
— Н—С—С—Н
(b) Н——С-H
T I
нн
н
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Н,
Н.
н
H HHH
H I|
С—С—С—С-С—Н
(c) H
Н
H
н'
Pentadiene
Cyclopentene
Н
Н
Н-С—NEC — Н—С-СEN
(d)
Н
Н
Methyl isocyanide
Acetonitrile](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fec858007-2d1e-4bf6-a2c3-6011aa79339f%2F05240cf8-5fb2-435b-bb4f-30f792cac378%2F32gxdhn.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:formula but different arrangements of atoms. Use Table 8.3
to estimate AH for each of the following gas-phase isomer-
ization reactions and indicate which isomer has the lower
enthalpy
H H
I I
(а) Н—С—С—0-н — Н-С-0-С-Н
Нн
Ethanol
Dimethyl ether
но
— Н—С—С—Н
(b) Н——С-H
T I
нн
н
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Н,
Н.
н
H HHH
H I|
С—С—С—С-С—Н
(c) H
Н
H
н'
Pentadiene
Cyclopentene
Н
Н
Н-С—NEC — Н—С-СEN
(d)
Н
Н
Methyl isocyanide
Acetonitrile
![| Strengths and Lengths
8.8
of Covalent Bonds
The stability of a molecule is related to the strengths of its covalent bonds. We saw in Chapter 5
that we can measure the average bond enthalpy of many single bonds (Table 5.4). Table 5.4 is
repeated here as Table 8.3. As you might expect, Table 8.3 shows that multiple bonds are
generally stronger than single bonds
TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (k)J/mol)
Single Bonds
413
N-H
391
о--н
F-F
463
155
С-н
N-N
163
348
О-О
146
С-с
N-O
201
293
О-F
190
Cl-F
253
C-N
N-F
О— СI
272
358
203
Cl-Cl
242
С-о
N-CI
200
О-1
485
234
С-F
N-Br
243
328
Br-F
237
C-CI
276
S-H
339
Br-Cl
218
С-Br
Н--Н
436
SF
240
327
Br-Br
193
С-1
Н-F
567
S-Cl
259
253
С-S
Н-СI
431
S-Br
218
I-CI
208
Н- Br
366
323
S-S
266
I--Br
Si-H
175
Н-I
299
226
Si-Si
I-I
151
301
Si-C
368
Si-O
464
Si-Cl
Multiple Bonds
C=C
614
N=N
418
O=O
495
C=C
839
N=N
941
C=N
615
N- O
607
S=O
523
C=N
891
S=S
418
C=O
799
C O
1072](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fec858007-2d1e-4bf6-a2c3-6011aa79339f%2F05240cf8-5fb2-435b-bb4f-30f792cac378%2Fq5lw1o.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:| Strengths and Lengths
8.8
of Covalent Bonds
The stability of a molecule is related to the strengths of its covalent bonds. We saw in Chapter 5
that we can measure the average bond enthalpy of many single bonds (Table 5.4). Table 5.4 is
repeated here as Table 8.3. As you might expect, Table 8.3 shows that multiple bonds are
generally stronger than single bonds
TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (k)J/mol)
Single Bonds
413
N-H
391
о--н
F-F
463
155
С-н
N-N
163
348
О-О
146
С-с
N-O
201
293
О-F
190
Cl-F
253
C-N
N-F
О— СI
272
358
203
Cl-Cl
242
С-о
N-CI
200
О-1
485
234
С-F
N-Br
243
328
Br-F
237
C-CI
276
S-H
339
Br-Cl
218
С-Br
Н--Н
436
SF
240
327
Br-Br
193
С-1
Н-F
567
S-Cl
259
253
С-S
Н-СI
431
S-Br
218
I-CI
208
Н- Br
366
323
S-S
266
I--Br
Si-H
175
Н-I
299
226
Si-Si
I-I
151
301
Si-C
368
Si-O
464
Si-Cl
Multiple Bonds
C=C
614
N=N
418
O=O
495
C=C
839
N=N
941
C=N
615
N- O
607
S=O
523
C=N
891
S=S
418
C=O
799
C O
1072
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