For what reasons would Michelson and Morley repeat their experiment on top of a mountain? Why would they perform the experiment in summer and winter?
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For what reasons would Michelson and Morley repeat their experiment on top of a mountain? Why would they perform the experiment in summer and winter?
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- Suppose that you have found a way to convert the rest energy of any type of matter directly to usable energy with an efficiency of 85.0%. How many liters of water would be sufficient fuel to very slowly push the Moon 2.90 mm away from the Earth? The density of water is pwater = 1.00kg/liter, the Earth's mass is Mearth = 5.97 x 1024 kg, the Moon's mass is Mmoon = 7.36 x 10²² kg, and the separation of the Earth and Moon is deM = 3.84 × 10% m. water: LitersThe crew of an enemy spacecraft attempts to escape from your spacecraft by moving away from you at 0.277 of the speed of light. But all is not lost! You launch a space torpedo toward the foe at 0.347 of the speed of light with respect to you. At what speed in kilometers per second does the enemy crew observe the torpedo approaching its spacecraft? speed: km/sA certain X-ray machine generates X-rays from a beam of electrons accelerated from zero to 99.9999999 per cent the speed of light in a long linear accelerator of length 3.2 km. The electrons are generated in pulses of duration ∆t = 100 fs. The generated x-rays from the target are also short pulses (λ = 0.15 nm). What is the average power of the x-ray beam if it pulses 120 times per second and one x-ray pulse contains about a trillion photons (n = 1012). a) 16.0 W b) 1.6 W c) 0.16 W d) none of these.
- As shown in the figure, a stationary mirror is mounted in a reference frame S and a space shuttle moves toward the mirror at a speed v = 0.590c relative to the reference frame S. The instant the shuttle is a distance d = 5.00 × 10¹0 m from the mirror (as measured by an observer in S), it emits a light pulse that travels to the mirror and is reflected back to the shuttle. Determine the total travel time (in s) for the light pulse as seen by the following. (a) an observer in the S reference frame S (b) an observer on the shuttle S What If? If the light beam has an initial wavelength of 530 nm, determine the shift (in nm) in the wavelength of the light beam as measured by the following (use + for an increase and decrease). (c) an observer in the S frame nm Mirror (d) an observer on the shuttle nm for aYou have been posted to a remote region of space to monitor traffic. Near the end of a quiet shift, a spacecraft streaks past. Your laser-based measuring device reports the spacecraft’s length to be 85 m. The identification transponder reports it to be the NCXXB-12, a cargo craft of proper length 100 m. In transmitting your report to headquarters, what speed should you give for this spacecraft?The escape velocity from a massive object is the speed needed to reach an infinite distance from it and have just slowed to a stop, that is, to have just enough kinetic energy to climb out of the gravitational potential well and have none left. You can find the escape velocity by equating the total kinetic and gravitational potential energy to zero E=12mv2esc−GmM/r=0E=12mvesc2−GmM/r=0 vesc=2GM/r−−−−−−√vesc=2GM/r where GG is Newton's constant of gravitation, MM is the mass of the object from which the escape is happening, and rr is its radius. This is physics you have seen in the first part of the course, and you should be able to use it to find an escape velocity from any planet or satellite. For the Earth, for example the escape velocity is about 11.2 km/s, and for the Moon it is 2.38 km/s. A very important point about escape velocity: it does not depend on what is escaping. A spaceship or a molecule must have this velocity or more away from the center of the planet to be free…
- A spaceship is at a distance of 1.1 × 10¹⁰ m from a blackhole of mass 8.26×10³6 kg. How long will an hour be inside the ship?What is the wavelength, in fm (femtometers, or 10^-15 m), of a proton travelling at 90% of the speed of light?An alien spaceship, passing through our solar system, observes us by reflected sunlight from earth’s surface. We know the escape velocity from earth’s surface is vesc = √(2GME/RE). Suppose we can (magically) compress earth radius to a very small size RS so that the escape velocity equals the speed of light c. In that case, nothing, not even light, can escape earth’s gravity and the alien spaceship will observe us as a “dark black hole”! What would be the value of RS? (RS is called the Schwarzschild radius.) a) 8.8 cm b) 8.8 mm c) 8.8 m