For the reaction below, which statement best describes what is happening with the sign of AGO? 2 Cu CI O4la q) + N a20la q) - Cu2Os) + 2 Na CI O4la q) (exothermic) O The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures. The reaction is non-spontaneous at all temperatures. The reaction is non-spontaneous at low temperature and spontaneous at high temperature. O The reaction is spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneous at high temperature.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
6.
![**Question:**
For the reaction below, which statement best describes what is happening with the sign of ΔG°?
\[
2 \text{CuClO}_4\text{(aq)} + \text{Na}_2\text{O}_2\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{Cu}_2\text{O(s)} + 2 \text{NaClO}_4\text{(aq)} \, \text{(exothermic)}
\]
**Options:**
- A. The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
- B. The reaction is non-spontaneous at all temperatures.
- C. The reaction is non-spontaneous at low temperature and spontaneous at high temperature.
- D. The reaction is spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneous at high temperature.
**Explanation:**
In an exothermic reaction, the sign of ΔH° is negative. For a reaction to be spontaneous, ΔG° must be negative. The relationship between ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° is given by the Gibbs free energy equation:
\[
\Delta G° = \Delta H° - T\Delta S°
\]
Here, since the reaction is exothermic, ΔH° is negative. Depending on the sign and magnitude of ΔS°, the reaction can show different temperature dependencies indicated in the options.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7a00ba11-4727-4380-bbb0-88ea42161338%2F74e1a5ad-4f56-4ca9-bf1e-cf8f41ba89b1%2F912fxup.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
In this reaction change in entropy is negative beacuse no of particle decreasing
And ∆H is negative
∆G=∆H-T∆S
So ∆G is negative at low temperature so ran is spontaneous and ∆G is positive at high temperature so reaction is non-spontaneous.
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