For the following ANOVA, tell me how many groups there are and interpret the results. Sum of Squares Mean Square df F Sig. Between Groups 58.671 29.336 4.106 .038 Within Groups 107.160 15 7.144 Total 165.831 17

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### Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results

**Question:**
For the given ANOVA table, determine the number of groups and interpret the results.

**ANOVA Table:**

|                   | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F     | Sig.  |
|-------------------|----------------|----|-------------|-------|-------|
| **Between Groups**| 58.671         | 2  | 29.336      | 4.106 | 0.038 |
| **Within Groups** | 107.160        | 15 | 7.144       |       |       |
| **Total**         | 165.831        | 17 |             |       |       |

**Explanation:**

- **Sum of Squares:** This value represents the total variability present in the data.
  - Between Groups: 58.671
  - Within Groups: 107.160
  - Total: 165.831

- **Degrees of Freedom (df):** This indicates the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without breaking any constraints.
  - Between Groups: 2 (indicating there are three groups, since df = number of groups - 1)
  - Within Groups: 15 
  - Total: 17

- **Mean Square:** This is the Sum of Squares divided by the respective df.
  - Between Groups: 29.336
  - Within Groups: 7.144

- **F-value:** The ratio of the Mean Square Between Groups to the Mean Square Within Groups. Here, it is 4.106.

- **Significance (Sig.):** The p-value indicates the probability of observing the results assuming the null hypothesis is true. A value of 0.038 suggests statistical significance, typically if below 0.05.

**Interpretation:**

With an F-value of 4.106 and a significance level of 0.038, we conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups being compared. Since the p-value is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis that states there is no effect, implying that the group means are indeed different.
Transcribed Image Text:### Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results **Question:** For the given ANOVA table, determine the number of groups and interpret the results. **ANOVA Table:** | | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |-------------------|----------------|----|-------------|-------|-------| | **Between Groups**| 58.671 | 2 | 29.336 | 4.106 | 0.038 | | **Within Groups** | 107.160 | 15 | 7.144 | | | | **Total** | 165.831 | 17 | | | | **Explanation:** - **Sum of Squares:** This value represents the total variability present in the data. - Between Groups: 58.671 - Within Groups: 107.160 - Total: 165.831 - **Degrees of Freedom (df):** This indicates the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without breaking any constraints. - Between Groups: 2 (indicating there are three groups, since df = number of groups - 1) - Within Groups: 15 - Total: 17 - **Mean Square:** This is the Sum of Squares divided by the respective df. - Between Groups: 29.336 - Within Groups: 7.144 - **F-value:** The ratio of the Mean Square Between Groups to the Mean Square Within Groups. Here, it is 4.106. - **Significance (Sig.):** The p-value indicates the probability of observing the results assuming the null hypothesis is true. A value of 0.038 suggests statistical significance, typically if below 0.05. **Interpretation:** With an F-value of 4.106 and a significance level of 0.038, we conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups being compared. Since the p-value is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis that states there is no effect, implying that the group means are indeed different.
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