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For the cycle shown below, describe all the steps of the cycle.

For the cycle shown below, describe all the steps of the cycle.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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For the cycle shown below, describe all the steps of the cycle. 

### Thermodynamic Cycle Diagrams #### Diagram Explanations: The image consists of two diagrams representing a thermodynamic cycle. Each diagram has specific axes and shows the flow of heat in and out of the system. The numbers (1, 2, 3, 4) indicate different states in the cycle. **Left Diagram (Pressure-Volume Diagram):** - **Axes:** - The vertical axis represents Pressure (P). - The horizontal axis represents Volume (V). - **Process Path:** - The curve shows the process path from state 1 to state 4 and back to 1, forming a cycle. - **Heat Flow:** - \( q_{in} \) indicates heat addition between states 2 and 3. - \( q_{out} \) indicates heat rejection between states 4 and 1. **Right Diagram (Temperature-Entropy Diagram):** - **Axes:** - The vertical axis represents Temperature (T). - The horizontal axis represents Entropy (s). - **Process Path:** - The four points form a closed cycle. - **Heat Flow:** - \( q_{in} \) between states 2 and 3 shows heat addition. - \( q_{out} \) between states 4 and 1 shows heat rejection. ### Cycle Descriptions: #### 1-2: The process from state 1 to 2 typically involves a compression or heating process where the system is pressurized or heated without any heat rejection. #### 2-3: This path represents the phase where heat is being added to the system (\( q_{in} \)), typically resulting in an increase in temperature and entropy. #### 3-4: The process from state 3 to 4 often involves expansion or cooling, where the system performs work or cools down, yet still no heat is added or rejected. #### 4-1: This path generally signifies heat rejection (\( q_{out} \)), marking the return to the initial state and completing the cyclic process. These diagrams are crucial for understanding thermodynamic cycles like the Carnot, Rankine, or Otto cycles used in engines and refrigerators.
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamic Cycle Diagrams #### Diagram Explanations: The image consists of two diagrams representing a thermodynamic cycle. Each diagram has specific axes and shows the flow of heat in and out of the system. The numbers (1, 2, 3, 4) indicate different states in the cycle. **Left Diagram (Pressure-Volume Diagram):** - **Axes:** - The vertical axis represents Pressure (P). - The horizontal axis represents Volume (V). - **Process Path:** - The curve shows the process path from state 1 to state 4 and back to 1, forming a cycle. - **Heat Flow:** - \( q_{in} \) indicates heat addition between states 2 and 3. - \( q_{out} \) indicates heat rejection between states 4 and 1. **Right Diagram (Temperature-Entropy Diagram):** - **Axes:** - The vertical axis represents Temperature (T). - The horizontal axis represents Entropy (s). - **Process Path:** - The four points form a closed cycle. - **Heat Flow:** - \( q_{in} \) between states 2 and 3 shows heat addition. - \( q_{out} \) between states 4 and 1 shows heat rejection. ### Cycle Descriptions: #### 1-2: The process from state 1 to 2 typically involves a compression or heating process where the system is pressurized or heated without any heat rejection. #### 2-3: This path represents the phase where heat is being added to the system (\( q_{in} \)), typically resulting in an increase in temperature and entropy. #### 3-4: The process from state 3 to 4 often involves expansion or cooling, where the system performs work or cools down, yet still no heat is added or rejected. #### 4-1: This path generally signifies heat rejection (\( q_{out} \)), marking the return to the initial state and completing the cyclic process. These diagrams are crucial for understanding thermodynamic cycles like the Carnot, Rankine, or Otto cycles used in engines and refrigerators.
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