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for structures 1-5 please state wether they are identical, enatiomers, or diastereomers.

for structures 1-5 please state wether they are identical, enatiomers, or diastereomers.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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for structures 1-5 please state wether they are identical, enatiomers, or diastereomers.

### Educational Website: Organic Chemistry Structures #### Molecule Structures and Stereochemistry **1. Cyclopentane Derivatives** This diagram showcases two cyclopentane derivatives with different stereochemical configurations. Each structure includes a cyclopentane ring, with specific substituents depicted using wedge and dash bonds to symbolize their spatial orientation: - **Wedge**: indicates a bond coming out of the plane towards the observer. - **Dash**: indicates a bond going into the plane away from the observer. **2. Dibromoalkanal Isomers** Two structural isomers of a dibromoalkanal are presented here: - The first structure shows a chain with a methyl group (CH₃), three hydrogen atoms (H), two bromine atoms (Br), and an aldehyde group (CHO). - The second structure is similar but shows a different arrangement of bromine atoms and hydrogen on the carbon backbone. **3. 3-Bromopentanol Isomers** This section illustrates the two enantiomers of 3-bromopentanol: - The left structure highlights a bromine atom (Br) and a hydroxyl group (OH) positioned at the chiral center, with the bromine as a wedge and the OH as a dash. - The right structure shows the opposite configuration, with the hydroxyl group as a wedge and the bromine as a dash. **4. Bicyclic Compounds** Displays two bicyclic compounds with differing alkyl substituents. The bicyclic framework involves two connected rings and has a bridgehead carbon connecting both cycles. **5. Stereochemistry in Cyclohexane** There are two structures exhibiting brominated cyclohexane isomers: - Each cyclohexane ring shows a bromine atom (Br) attached, with different possible stereochemical arrangements illustrated by the wedge and dash to depict the spatial orientation. These diagrams are crucial for understanding stereochemistry, isomerism, and the spatial configuration of molecules, which play a significant role in chemical reactivity and properties.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Website: Organic Chemistry Structures #### Molecule Structures and Stereochemistry **1. Cyclopentane Derivatives** This diagram showcases two cyclopentane derivatives with different stereochemical configurations. Each structure includes a cyclopentane ring, with specific substituents depicted using wedge and dash bonds to symbolize their spatial orientation: - **Wedge**: indicates a bond coming out of the plane towards the observer. - **Dash**: indicates a bond going into the plane away from the observer. **2. Dibromoalkanal Isomers** Two structural isomers of a dibromoalkanal are presented here: - The first structure shows a chain with a methyl group (CH₃), three hydrogen atoms (H), two bromine atoms (Br), and an aldehyde group (CHO). - The second structure is similar but shows a different arrangement of bromine atoms and hydrogen on the carbon backbone. **3. 3-Bromopentanol Isomers** This section illustrates the two enantiomers of 3-bromopentanol: - The left structure highlights a bromine atom (Br) and a hydroxyl group (OH) positioned at the chiral center, with the bromine as a wedge and the OH as a dash. - The right structure shows the opposite configuration, with the hydroxyl group as a wedge and the bromine as a dash. **4. Bicyclic Compounds** Displays two bicyclic compounds with differing alkyl substituents. The bicyclic framework involves two connected rings and has a bridgehead carbon connecting both cycles. **5. Stereochemistry in Cyclohexane** There are two structures exhibiting brominated cyclohexane isomers: - Each cyclohexane ring shows a bromine atom (Br) attached, with different possible stereochemical arrangements illustrated by the wedge and dash to depict the spatial orientation. These diagrams are crucial for understanding stereochemistry, isomerism, and the spatial configuration of molecules, which play a significant role in chemical reactivity and properties.
Expert Solution
Step 1 Introduction

 

Enantiomers: 

Nonsuperimposable mirror images are called "enantiomers"

if we go from one enantiomer to another enantiomer all chiral centres got inverted 

 

Diastereomers :  isomers which are not mirror images are called " Diastereomers " 

if we go from one diastereomer to another diastereomer only one  chiral centre got inverted  

Cis and trans isomers are " diastereomers "

 

If plane of symmetry is present in a molecule , it is optically inactive 

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