For each of the tollowing transactions or adjustments, indicate the effect of the transaction or adjustment on assets, liabilities, and net income by entering for each account affected the account name and amount and indicating whether it is an oddition () or a subtraction (-). Transaction a has been done as an illustration. Net income is not affected by every transaction. In some cases, only one column may be affected because all of the specific accounts affected by the transaction are included in that category a. Recorded $200 of depreciation expense. b. Sold land that had originally cost $9,000 for $14,000 in cash c. Acquired a new machine under a financing lease. The present value of future lease payments, discounted at 10%, was $10,000. d. Recorded the first annual payment of $2,200 for the leased machine (in part c). e. Recorded a $5,100 payment for the cost of developing and registering a trademark. f. Recognized periodic amortization for the trademark in part e) using a 34-year useful life. g. Sold used production equipment for $17.000 in cash. The equipment originally cost $48,000, ond the accumulated depreciation account has an unadjusted balance of $23,900, It was determined that a $1,900 year-to-date depreciation entry must be recorded before the sale transaction can be recorded. Record the adjustment and the sale.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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