For each of the following research scenarios, indicate which type of t-test: one-sample, independent, or dependent is appropriate for the research scenario described. Give reason(s) as to why that type of t-test (one-sample, independent, or dependent) is appropriate for the research scenario. a. Dr. Lofgren was interested in the effects of stress on the ability to concentrate. He randomly assigned 20 participants to complete a lab-based stress task to induce stress and another 20 participants to a control condition where they spent time in the lab but didn’t experience stress induction. Both groups then completed a task requiring deep concentration to complete; the time it took to complete the task was recorded, with quicker completion times reflecting better ability to concentrate. Dr. Lofgren hypothesized that participants in the stress condition would have a poorer ability to concentrate (i.e., slower completion times). b. An all-women's college is interested in whether more of its graduates end up in traditionally male-dominated fields (e.g., engineering, physical science) than is reflected in the national data for career placement. According to some statistics from the National Center for Educational Statistics, approximately 22% of people in engineering and physical science jobs were females in recent years. College administrators examine their alumni data over the past 25 years (n = 25). You find that, on average, 23.7% of graduates have been placed in such occupations, with a standard deviation of 6.1%. c. Researchers were interested in the effect of new drug therapy on manic symptoms. 100 participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder first spent 6 weeks with no drug treatment, after which their self-reported manic symptoms were measured. Next, the same participants spent 6 weeks taking the new drug treatment, after which their self-reported manic symptoms were again measured. The researchers predicted that manic symptoms would be lower after the 6-week drug treatment period than after the 6 week no treatment period.
For each of the following research scenarios, indicate which type of t-test: one-sample, independent, or dependent is appropriate for the research scenario described. Give reason(s) as to why that type of t-test (one-sample, independent, or dependent) is appropriate for the research scenario.
a. Dr. Lofgren was interested in the effects of stress on the ability to concentrate. He randomly assigned 20 participants to complete a lab-based stress task to induce stress and another 20 participants to a control condition where they spent time in the lab but didn’t experience stress induction. Both groups then completed a task requiring deep concentration to complete; the time it took to complete the task was recorded, with quicker completion times reflecting better ability to concentrate. Dr. Lofgren hypothesized that participants in the stress condition would have a poorer ability to concentrate (i.e., slower completion times).
b. An all-women's college is interested in whether more of its graduates end up in traditionally male-dominated fields (e.g., engineering, physical science) than is reflected in the national data for career placement. According to some statistics from the National Center for Educational Statistics, approximately 22% of people in engineering and physical science jobs were females in recent years. College administrators examine their alumni data over the past 25 years (n = 25). You find that, on average, 23.7% of graduates have been placed in such occupations, with a standard deviation of 6.1%.
c. Researchers were interested in the effect of new drug therapy on manic symptoms. 100 participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder first spent 6 weeks with no drug treatment, after which their self-reported manic symptoms were measured. Next, the same participants spent 6 weeks taking the new drug treatment, after which their self-reported manic symptoms were again measured. The researchers predicted that manic symptoms would be lower after the 6-week drug treatment period than after the 6 week no treatment period.
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