For any binary string x, let #0(x) and #1(x) denote the number of 0’s and the number of 1’s in x, respectively. Design a DFA to accept the following language: L = {x | x ∈ {0, 1}∗, the summation 3 · #0(x) + 2 · #1(x) is divisible by 5}

Let s be a string of length 2 with characters from {0, 1, 2}, and define statements a, b, c, and d as follows:a = “the first character of s is 0”b = “the first character of s is 1”c = “the second character of s is 1”d = “the second character of s is 2”. Describe the set of all strings for which each of the following is true.

Question 2: Encoding Cryptography is the study of trying to create secure information by obscuring the original message. One simple encryption method is to substitute letters from the original message with other letters. To make it harder to decrypt the hidden message, we may also remove clues such as the length of the words in the message and any punctuation or capitalization. Write a function encode that consumes a string message. The function produces a string which is encrypted according the following procedure: • Only the letters from the original message will be encrypted. Other characters such as spaces, punctuation, numeric digits, etc. are not included in the encrypted message at all. • The encrypted message will only contain uppercase letters. • Each letter will be replaced by the uppercase letter at the opposite end of the English alphabet. In other words, A or a will become z, B or b will become Y, C or c will become x, .., z or z will become A. • The encrypted message will…

Python Programming