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For a steel alloy, specify the amount of deformation (%CW) that is necessary to give a minimum Brinell hardness of 225 and at the same time provide a ductility of at least 12%EL.  You may need to use Animated Figure 7.19b and Animated Figured 7.19c

For a steel alloy, specify the amount of deformation (%CW) that is necessary to give a minimum Brinell hardness of 225 and at the same time provide a ductility of at least 12%EL.  You may need to use Animated Figure 7.19b and Animated Figured 7.19c

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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For a steel alloy, specify the amount of deformation (%CW) that is necessary to give a minimum Brinell hardness of 225 and at the same time provide a ductility of at least 12%EL.  You may need to use Animated Figure 7.19b and Animated Figured 7.19c.

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The graph shows the relationship between ductility (%EL) and percent cold work for different materials: Brass, 1040 Steel, and Copper. **Axes:** - The x-axis represents the "Percent cold work" ranging from 0 to 70, indicating the amount of deformation applied to the material. - The y-axis represents "Ductility" as a percentage of elongation (%EL), ranging from 0 to 70. **Curves:** - The yellow curve represents Brass. It starts with higher ductility, which decreases sharply as the percent cold work increases. - The red curve represents 1040 Steel. It begins with moderate ductility, which lessens significantly with increased cold work. - The blue curve represents Copper. It starts with the lowest initial ductility among these materials, decreasing steadily with more cold work. **Observation:** - As the percent of cold work increases, the ductility of all materials reduces. This indicates that cold working (plastic deformation) generally results in harder, less ductile materials. **Note:** - There is a highlighted box stating: "Percent cold work = 0, Ductility = 0," which may not align with typical physical behavior, as materials usually have some ductility without deformation.
Transcribed Image Text:The graph shows the relationship between ductility (%EL) and percent cold work for different materials: Brass, 1040 Steel, and Copper. **Axes:** - The x-axis represents the "Percent cold work" ranging from 0 to 70, indicating the amount of deformation applied to the material. - The y-axis represents "Ductility" as a percentage of elongation (%EL), ranging from 0 to 70. **Curves:** - The yellow curve represents Brass. It starts with higher ductility, which decreases sharply as the percent cold work increases. - The red curve represents 1040 Steel. It begins with moderate ductility, which lessens significantly with increased cold work. - The blue curve represents Copper. It starts with the lowest initial ductility among these materials, decreasing steadily with more cold work. **Observation:** - As the percent of cold work increases, the ductility of all materials reduces. This indicates that cold working (plastic deformation) generally results in harder, less ductile materials. **Note:** - There is a highlighted box stating: "Percent cold work = 0, Ductility = 0," which may not align with typical physical behavior, as materials usually have some ductility without deformation.
This image presents a graph showing the relationship between percent cold work and tensile strength for three materials: 1040 Steel, Brass, and Copper. ### Graph Details: - **Axes:** - The horizontal axis represents the "Percent cold work," ranging from 0% to 70%. - The vertical axis on the left indicates "Tensile strength (MPa)," from 200 MPa to 900 MPa. - The vertical axis on the right shows "Tensile strength (ksi)," from 40 ksi to 140 ksi. - **Material Curves:** - **1040 Steel:** Represented by a blue curve, it starts at a tensile strength of about 600 MPa at 0% cold work and reaches approximately 900 MPa at 70% cold work. - **Brass:** Represented by a yellow curve, it begins at around 300 MPa and increases to about 650 MPa as cold work increases to 70%. - **Copper:** Depicted by a red curve, it starts at around 200 MPa and rises gradually to about 400 MPa with 70% cold work. ### Annotation: - There’s an annotation in a yellow box with the following details: - "Percent cold work = 0" - "Yield strength = 200 MPa" - "Yield strength = 29 ksi" This graph illustrates how the tensile strength of different metals increases with the amount of cold work applied.
Transcribed Image Text:This image presents a graph showing the relationship between percent cold work and tensile strength for three materials: 1040 Steel, Brass, and Copper. ### Graph Details: - **Axes:** - The horizontal axis represents the "Percent cold work," ranging from 0% to 70%. - The vertical axis on the left indicates "Tensile strength (MPa)," from 200 MPa to 900 MPa. - The vertical axis on the right shows "Tensile strength (ksi)," from 40 ksi to 140 ksi. - **Material Curves:** - **1040 Steel:** Represented by a blue curve, it starts at a tensile strength of about 600 MPa at 0% cold work and reaches approximately 900 MPa at 70% cold work. - **Brass:** Represented by a yellow curve, it begins at around 300 MPa and increases to about 650 MPa as cold work increases to 70%. - **Copper:** Depicted by a red curve, it starts at around 200 MPa and rises gradually to about 400 MPa with 70% cold work. ### Annotation: - There’s an annotation in a yellow box with the following details: - "Percent cold work = 0" - "Yield strength = 200 MPa" - "Yield strength = 29 ksi" This graph illustrates how the tensile strength of different metals increases with the amount of cold work applied.
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