For a growth factor of 7.5% per annum and design life of 10 years, determine the cumulative number of standard axle load repetitions (in million) for the following data: Type of commercial vehicle Number of vehicles per day per lane (A) Vehicle Damage Factor (F) Two axle trucks 2000 5 Tandem axle trucks 200 6

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Q: iv) A highway carries 2500 two axle trucks per day per lane and has a vehicle damage factor of 4 and…

A: Given: Two axle trucks per day per lane, A = 2500 Vehicle damage factor, F = 4 Growth factor, r = 6%…

Quantity takeoff

Quantity takeoffs (QTO) are precise estimates of the materials and labor costs required to finish a construction project. During the pre-construction phase, an estimator prepares them, breaking down the project into smaller, more manageable parts that are easier to evaluate. These measurements are used to prepare a construction scope bid. Estimators examine the drawings, specifications, and models to figure out different quantities and their costs. Since, the components, their quantity, and price are all included in the model, quantity take-off can be done automatically using Building Information Modelling (BIM). The time taken for completing a construction project can be reduced by the use of quantity takeoff. These takeoffs are also called material takeoffs and construction takeoffs.