Five observations taken for two variables follow. xi 4 6 11 3 16 yi 50 50 40 60 20 (a) Develop a scatter diagram with x on the horizontal axis. A scatter plot with 5 points is given. The horizontal axis is labeled: x, and ranges from 0 to 20. The vertical axis is labeled: y, and ranges from 0 to 80. The leftmost point on the plot is at about (3 , 48). Moving right, second point is below and to the right of the first point. The third point is above and to the right of the second point. The fourth point is below and to the right of the third point. The fifth point is below and to the right of the fourth point. (b) What does the scatter diagram developed in part (a) indicate about the relationship between the two variables? The scatter diagram indicates that there is ---Select--- a negative no a positive a negative relationship between the two variables. (c) Compute the sample covariance. Based on the sample covariance, what can be said about the relationship between the two variables? 1.There is a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. 2.There is a strong negative linear relationship between the two variables. 3.There is no relationship between the two variables. 4. There is a positive linear relationship between the two variables, but the strength of this relationship cannot be determined based on the sample covariance. (d) Compute the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) Based on the sample correlation coefficient, what can be said about the relationship between the two variables? 1. There is a strong positive linear relationship between the two variables. 2. There is a strong negative linear relationship between the two variables. 3.There is no relationship between the two variables. 4. There is a positive linear relationship between the two variables, but the strength of this relationship cannot be determined based on the sample correlation coefficient. 5. There is a negative linear relationship between the two variables, but the strength of this relationship cannot be determined based on the sample correlation coefficient.
Minimization
In mathematics, traditional optimization problems are typically expressed in terms of minimization. When we talk about minimizing or maximizing a function, we refer to the maximum and minimum possible values of that function. This can be expressed in terms of global or local range. The definition of minimization in the thesaurus is the process of reducing something to a small amount, value, or position. Minimization (noun) is an instance of belittling or disparagement.
Maxima and Minima
The extreme points of a function are the maximum and the minimum points of the function. A maximum is attained when the function takes the maximum value and a minimum is attained when the function takes the minimum value.
Derivatives
A derivative means a change. Geometrically it can be represented as a line with some steepness. Imagine climbing a mountain which is very steep and 500 meters high. Is it easier to climb? Definitely not! Suppose walking on the road for 500 meters. Which one would be easier? Walking on the road would be much easier than climbing a mountain.
Concavity
In calculus, concavity is a descriptor of mathematics that tells about the shape of the graph. It is the parameter that helps to estimate the maximum and minimum value of any of the functions and the concave nature using the graphical method. We use the first derivative test and second derivative test to understand the concave behavior of the function.
xi
|
4 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
yi
|
50 | 50 | 40 | 60 | 20 |
- The horizontal axis is labeled: x, and
ranges from 0 to 20. - The vertical axis is labeled: y, and ranges from 0 to 80.
- The leftmost point on the plot is at about (3 , 48).
- Moving right, second point is below and to the right of the first point.
- The third point is above and to the right of the second point.
- The fourth point is below and to the right of the third point.
- The fifth point is below and to the right of the fourth point.
a negative
relationship between the two variables.
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