Five kilograms of a perfect gas expands polytropically from a pressure of 1 MPa and temperature of 300 °C to a pressure of 0,2 MPa and a temperature 165 °c. If the specific heat capacities are C, = 1,011 and C, = 0,777 kJ/kgK, draw P-V of the process and calculate: 1. (a) (b) Characteristic gas constant Change of entropy Change of internal energy polytropic index of expansion Work done Heat flow during expansion of the gas (e) (f)

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Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.