Five different variations of a bolt-making process are run to see if any of them can increase the mean breaking strength of the bolts over that of the current process. The P-values are 0.13, 0.34, 0.03, 0.28, and 0.38. Of the following choices, which is the best thing to do next? a) Implement the process whose P-value was 0.03, since it performed the best. b) Since none of the processes had Bonferroni-adjusted P-values less than 0.05, we should stick with the current process. c) Rerun the process whose P-value was 0.03 to see if it remains small in the absence of multiple testing. d) Rerun all the five variations again, to see if any of them produce a small P-value the second time around.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.