Find the calculated voltage using voltage divided rule(VDR)

Q: For the pass transistor chain shown in the figure below, what is the voltage at the output? VDD VDD…

A: Here pairs of MOSFET circuit given we need to find the output voltage. Vth=Vtn Circuit:-

Up-down counter

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device that stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock. A sequential digital logic circuit is the most common type with an input line or clock and multiple output lines. In the binary or binary-coded decimal (BCD) number system, the values on the input line represents a number by several flip-flops connected in a cascaded manner. They are manufactured as separate integrated circuits and are widely used components in digital circuits. These are also a part of larger integrated circuits. These are a specific type of sequential circuit like registers or the value of the flip-flops serving as the output.