find all functions u(t) that solve the equation u'(t)+t*u(t)=-t * e^(-t^2), subject to u(0) = 1

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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find all functions u(t) that solve the equation

u'(t)+t*u(t)=-t * e^(-t^2), subject to u(0) = 1

Expert Solution
Step 1

Linear Diffrential Equations:

The ordinary linear differential equations of the first order are represented in the following general form:

y'+ P y=Q

or

dydx + P(x) y = Q(x)

Where y' or dydx is the first derivative. Also, the functions P and Q are the functions of x only.

Then the integrating factor is defined as;

μ=ePxdx

Where P(x) (the function of x) is a multiple of y and μ denotes integrating factor.

Multiply the differential equation with integrating factor on both sides in such a way;

μdydx +μ P(x) y =μ Q(x)

In this way, on the left-hand side, we obtain a particular differential form. i.e.

ddx(μy) = μQ(x) 

In the end, we shall integrate this expression and get the required solution to the given equation: μy = μQ(x)dx+C

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