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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Text Transcription:** The law of **segregation** states that genes have alternative forms, or alleles. In a **diploid** organism, the two alleles of a gene separate during **meiosis** and gamete formation; each sperm or egg carries only one allele of each pair. This law explains the **3:1** ratio of the F₁ phenotypes observed when **monohybrids** self-pollinate. Each organism inherits one allele for each gene from each parent. In **heterozygous** individuals, the two alleles are different, and expression of the **dominant** allele masks the phenotypic effect of the **recessive** allele. In **homozygous** individuals, the two alleles are identical. The law of **independent assortment** states that the pair of alleles for a given gene segregates into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other gene. This law explains the **9:3:3:1** ratio of the F₁ phenotypes in a cross between **dihybrids**.
Transcribed Image Text:**Text Transcription:** The law of **segregation** states that genes have alternative forms, or alleles. In a **diploid** organism, the two alleles of a gene separate during **meiosis** and gamete formation; each sperm or egg carries only one allele of each pair. This law explains the **3:1** ratio of the F₁ phenotypes observed when **monohybrids** self-pollinate. Each organism inherits one allele for each gene from each parent. In **heterozygous** individuals, the two alleles are different, and expression of the **dominant** allele masks the phenotypic effect of the **recessive** allele. In **homozygous** individuals, the two alleles are identical. The law of **independent assortment** states that the pair of alleles for a given gene segregates into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other gene. This law explains the **9:3:3:1** ratio of the F₁ phenotypes in a cross between **dihybrids**.
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