Figure 2: The conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde How can the percentage of carbon by mass in ethanol be calculated? Choose 1 answer: A B D 2. 2 2 12.01 1 1 46.07 1 12.01 1 1 12.01 46.07 12.01 46.07 1 1 1 46.07 - 100% 100% 100% 100%
Figure 2: The conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde How can the percentage of carbon by mass in ethanol be calculated? Choose 1 answer: A B D 2. 2 2 12.01 1 1 46.07 1 12.01 1 1 12.01 46.07 12.01 46.07 1 1 1 46.07 - 100% 100% 100% 100%
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Ethanol and Its Properties
**Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)** is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinct odor and is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Besides its use in beverages, ethanol is flammable and volatile, making it useful as a solvent, antiseptic, fuel, and in laboratory procedures. It is one of the most widely consumed recreational drugs, affecting the brain and causing symptoms like slurred speech, unsteady walk, and disturbed perception.
**Table 1: Physical properties of ethanol at 20°C**
- **Melting point:** \(-114.1^\circ C\)
- **Boiling point:** \(78.5^\circ C\)
- **Density:** \(0.79 \, \text{g/mL}\)
- **Molar mass:** \(46.07 \, \text{g/mol}^{-1}\)
### Production of Ethanol
Ethanol is produced through fermentation of sugar, catalyzed by zymase, an enzyme in yeast. This reaction results in ethanol and carbon dioxide as shown in the equation:
\[ C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2 \, CH_3CH_2OH + 2 \, CO_2 \]
**Figure 1: The Alcohol Fermentation Reaction**
### Sources and Breakdown of Ethanol
Starches from potatoes, corn, wheat, and similar plants can be used to produce ethanol. These starches must first be converted into simple sugars by enzymes like diastase, commonly used in brewing beer.
### Metabolism of Ethanol
Once consumed, ethanol is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine, distributing throughout the body. Ethanol is toxic, and the body metabolizes it to dispose of it. In the liver, the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is quickly destroyed by aldehyde dehydrogenase.
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CHO} + 2 \text{H} \]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2da5533f-8665-454a-8786-e097ba2bf066%2Ff3c0fbcb-2838-402e-afa4-c81bfc5ae6e7%2Fyfyack_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Ethanol and Its Properties
**Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)** is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinct odor and is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Besides its use in beverages, ethanol is flammable and volatile, making it useful as a solvent, antiseptic, fuel, and in laboratory procedures. It is one of the most widely consumed recreational drugs, affecting the brain and causing symptoms like slurred speech, unsteady walk, and disturbed perception.
**Table 1: Physical properties of ethanol at 20°C**
- **Melting point:** \(-114.1^\circ C\)
- **Boiling point:** \(78.5^\circ C\)
- **Density:** \(0.79 \, \text{g/mL}\)
- **Molar mass:** \(46.07 \, \text{g/mol}^{-1}\)
### Production of Ethanol
Ethanol is produced through fermentation of sugar, catalyzed by zymase, an enzyme in yeast. This reaction results in ethanol and carbon dioxide as shown in the equation:
\[ C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2 \, CH_3CH_2OH + 2 \, CO_2 \]
**Figure 1: The Alcohol Fermentation Reaction**
### Sources and Breakdown of Ethanol
Starches from potatoes, corn, wheat, and similar plants can be used to produce ethanol. These starches must first be converted into simple sugars by enzymes like diastase, commonly used in brewing beer.
### Metabolism of Ethanol
Once consumed, ethanol is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine, distributing throughout the body. Ethanol is toxic, and the body metabolizes it to dispose of it. In the liver, the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is quickly destroyed by aldehyde dehydrogenase.
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CHO} + 2 \text{H} \]
![**Figure 2: The conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde**
**How can the percentage of carbon by mass in ethanol be calculated?**
*Choose 1 answer:*
- **A**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{12.01}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{46.07} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **B**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{1}{12.01} \cdot \frac{46.07}{1} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **C**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{12.01}{1} \cdot \frac{46.07}{1} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **D**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{1}{12.01} \cdot \frac{1}{46.07} \cdot 100\%
\]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2da5533f-8665-454a-8786-e097ba2bf066%2Ff3c0fbcb-2838-402e-afa4-c81bfc5ae6e7%2Ffcj6fkq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Figure 2: The conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde**
**How can the percentage of carbon by mass in ethanol be calculated?**
*Choose 1 answer:*
- **A**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{12.01}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{46.07} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **B**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{1}{12.01} \cdot \frac{46.07}{1} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **C**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{12.01}{1} \cdot \frac{46.07}{1} \cdot 100\%
\]
- **D**
\[
2 \cdot \frac{1}{12.01} \cdot \frac{1}{46.07} \cdot 100\%
\]
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