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Fig. 32.11 A phylogeny of living animals. Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes all of the following groups. There are about 36 phyla of animals. Do NOT include those groups not listed here. ancestral protists sponges cnidaria platyhelminthes molluscs annelids echinoderms nematodes chordates arthropods Add the following clade names to the tree where appropriate: Metazoa Deuterostomia Eumetazoa Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Bilateria

Fig. 32.11 A phylogeny of living animals. Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes all of the following groups. There are about 36 phyla of animals. Do NOT include those groups not listed here. ancestral protists sponges cnidaria platyhelminthes molluscs annelids echinoderms nematodes chordates arthropods Add the following clade names to the tree where appropriate: Metazoa Deuterostomia Eumetazoa Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Bilateria

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Phylogeny of Living Animals** **Objective:** Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes all of the following groups. There are about 36 phyla of animals. Do NOT include those groups not listed here. **Groups to Include:** - Ancestral protists - Sponges - Cnidaria - Echinoderms - Chordates - Platyhelminthes - Molluscs - Annelids - Nematodes - Arthropods **Instructions:** Add the following clade names to the tree where appropriate: - Metazoa - Eumetazoa - Bilateria - Deuterostomia - Lophotrochozoa - Ecdysozoa **Note:** Ensure that your phylogenetic tree accurately represents the evolutionary relationships between these groups.
Transcribed Image Text:**Phylogeny of Living Animals** **Objective:** Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes all of the following groups. There are about 36 phyla of animals. Do NOT include those groups not listed here. **Groups to Include:** - Ancestral protists - Sponges - Cnidaria - Echinoderms - Chordates - Platyhelminthes - Molluscs - Annelids - Nematodes - Arthropods **Instructions:** Add the following clade names to the tree where appropriate: - Metazoa - Eumetazoa - Bilateria - Deuterostomia - Lophotrochozoa - Ecdysozoa **Note:** Ensure that your phylogenetic tree accurately represents the evolutionary relationships between these groups.
**Phylogeny of Living Animals** This diagram presents a phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, displaying the relationships among major animal phyla, rooted in a hypothetical ancestral protist. The tree demonstrates the evolutionary timeline and divergence of these groups. ### Key Points: - **Metazoa** is the broadest group emerging from the ancestral protist, dating back approximately 770 million years ago. - **Eumetazoa** diverged around 680 million years ago, leading to more complex organisms with true tissues. - **Bilateria** arose approximately 670 million years ago, characterized by bilateral symmetry. ### Major Groups: - **Porifera**: Represented by a sponge, this group is among the earliest divergent. - **Ctenophora** and **Cnidaria**: Similar early diverging groups, including jellyfish-like organisms. - **Acoela**: Simple, flat organisms. - **Deuterostomia**: Includes **Hemichordata**, **Echinodermata** (e.g., starfish), and **Chordata** (e.g., fish). - **Lophotrochozoa**: Consists of phyla like **Platyhelminthes** (flatworms), **Syndermata**, **Ectoprocta**, **Brachiopoda**, **Mollusca** (e.g., snails), and **Annelida** (segmented worms). - **Ecdysozoa**: Encompasses **Nematoda** (roundworms) and **Arthropoda** (e.g., insects, crustaceans). ### Supporting Information: This phylogenetic hypothesis is based on molecular clock studies, estimating divergence times. The bilaterians are subdivided into three primary lineages: deuterostomes, lophotrochozoans, and ecdysozoans. **Visual Skills Challenge**: Identify which phylum is the sister group to Bilateria within the provided tree.
Transcribed Image Text:**Phylogeny of Living Animals** This diagram presents a phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, displaying the relationships among major animal phyla, rooted in a hypothetical ancestral protist. The tree demonstrates the evolutionary timeline and divergence of these groups. ### Key Points: - **Metazoa** is the broadest group emerging from the ancestral protist, dating back approximately 770 million years ago. - **Eumetazoa** diverged around 680 million years ago, leading to more complex organisms with true tissues. - **Bilateria** arose approximately 670 million years ago, characterized by bilateral symmetry. ### Major Groups: - **Porifera**: Represented by a sponge, this group is among the earliest divergent. - **Ctenophora** and **Cnidaria**: Similar early diverging groups, including jellyfish-like organisms. - **Acoela**: Simple, flat organisms. - **Deuterostomia**: Includes **Hemichordata**, **Echinodermata** (e.g., starfish), and **Chordata** (e.g., fish). - **Lophotrochozoa**: Consists of phyla like **Platyhelminthes** (flatworms), **Syndermata**, **Ectoprocta**, **Brachiopoda**, **Mollusca** (e.g., snails), and **Annelida** (segmented worms). - **Ecdysozoa**: Encompasses **Nematoda** (roundworms) and **Arthropoda** (e.g., insects, crustaceans). ### Supporting Information: This phylogenetic hypothesis is based on molecular clock studies, estimating divergence times. The bilaterians are subdivided into three primary lineages: deuterostomes, lophotrochozoans, and ecdysozoans. **Visual Skills Challenge**: Identify which phylum is the sister group to Bilateria within the provided tree.
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