Fatty acids activate Thermogenin, UCP-1 Channel H Hº H H H H' UCP-1 disturbs proton gradient H Hº H+ H' ETC 255 H+ H₁ H₂O HH" H' ADP+ Pi ATP Mitochondrial Matrix ATP Synthase H H Disturbed-proton gradient reduces the rate of ATP Synthesis The above figure demonstrates the effect of UCP-1 on electron transport. Predict the rate of below reactions in a cell treated with UCP-1 by using one or two words: such as increase, accelerate, decrease, stop, not change. Electron transport chain will............…...... ATP synthase rate will... Heat level will.... Formation of proton gradient will...

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.