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f. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for two conditions. Are the two U values same? g. From your calculated U and ATm. which one of the two parameters is influencing the heat exchanger efficiency? h. If you want to heat the milk from 4 to 60 °C. How can you change the heat exchanger (e.g., length) or the operation conditions (e.g., flow rate, temperatures, etc.) to achieve this goal?

f. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for two conditions. Are the two U values same? g. From your calculated U and ATm. which one of the two parameters is influencing the heat exchanger efficiency? h. If you want to heat the milk from 4 to 60 °C. How can you change the heat exchanger (e.g., length) or the operation conditions (e.g., flow rate, temperatures, etc.) to achieve this goal?

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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There is a tubular heat exchanger with the outer tube radius of 4 cm, the inner tube radius of 2 cm, and the length of 15 m. Your goal is to process milk at a rate of 3 kg/s. The inlet temperatures of milk and hot water are 4 °C and 90 °C, respectively. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 kJ/(kg °C), and the specific heat capacity of the milk is 4.0 kJ/(kg °C). a. If you are using a con-current flow with a water flow rate of 6 kg/s, the outlet temperature of hot water is measured at 70.13 °C. What is the outlet temperature of the milk? Show your calculation steps and compare your result with that given by the virtual experiment. b. If you are using a counter-current flow, the outlet temperatures of hot water and milk are measured at 68.78 and 48.46 °C, respectively. What is the flow rate of water? Show your calculation steps. Try these conditions, and compare the temperatures with the result given by the virtual experiment. c. During this pasteurization process, what is the energy of water used? Sensible heat or latent heat? d. What are the heat transfer rates, respectively, for these two flow directions? Compare the results and identify which flow direction is more efficient. e. Calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) for the two conditions. Compare the results and identify which flow direction has a higher LMTD?
Transcribed Image Text:There is a tubular heat exchanger with the outer tube radius of 4 cm, the inner tube radius of 2 cm, and the length of 15 m. Your goal is to process milk at a rate of 3 kg/s. The inlet temperatures of milk and hot water are 4 °C and 90 °C, respectively. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 kJ/(kg °C), and the specific heat capacity of the milk is 4.0 kJ/(kg °C). a. If you are using a con-current flow with a water flow rate of 6 kg/s, the outlet temperature of hot water is measured at 70.13 °C. What is the outlet temperature of the milk? Show your calculation steps and compare your result with that given by the virtual experiment. b. If you are using a counter-current flow, the outlet temperatures of hot water and milk are measured at 68.78 and 48.46 °C, respectively. What is the flow rate of water? Show your calculation steps. Try these conditions, and compare the temperatures with the result given by the virtual experiment. c. During this pasteurization process, what is the energy of water used? Sensible heat or latent heat? d. What are the heat transfer rates, respectively, for these two flow directions? Compare the results and identify which flow direction is more efficient. e. Calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) for the two conditions. Compare the results and identify which flow direction has a higher LMTD?
f. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for two conditions. Are the two U values same? g. From your calculated U and ATm which one of the two Im, parameters is influencing the heat exchanger efficiency? h. If you want to heat the milk from 4 to 60 °C. How can you change the heat exchanger (e.g., length) or the operation conditions (e.g., flow rate, temperatures, etc.) to achieve this goal? i. If you increase the length of the tube, will the overall heat transfer coefficient U change? Explain why? j. If you increase the flow rate of milk, will U change? Explain why? k. Are there any situations when a con-current flow option may be preferred instead of a counter-current flow heat exchanger? 1. After a long time of use, the heat exchange is fouled inside the pipe. How does the fouling influence your milk pasteurization, and what actions can you take to achieve your pasteurization goal? Explain from both the heat transfer and fluid flow aspects.
Transcribed Image Text:f. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for two conditions. Are the two U values same? g. From your calculated U and ATm which one of the two Im, parameters is influencing the heat exchanger efficiency? h. If you want to heat the milk from 4 to 60 °C. How can you change the heat exchanger (e.g., length) or the operation conditions (e.g., flow rate, temperatures, etc.) to achieve this goal? i. If you increase the length of the tube, will the overall heat transfer coefficient U change? Explain why? j. If you increase the flow rate of milk, will U change? Explain why? k. Are there any situations when a con-current flow option may be preferred instead of a counter-current flow heat exchanger? 1. After a long time of use, the heat exchange is fouled inside the pipe. How does the fouling influence your milk pasteurization, and what actions can you take to achieve your pasteurization goal? Explain from both the heat transfer and fluid flow aspects.
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