eylinder vessel of carbon monaxide (3.0 kg ) at -30°C with length 1.5 m and inner diameter 0.3 m , find pressure in bar used 1- the van der Waals equation, 2- ideal gas equation B/ Air enters convergent nozzle with a stagnation tempecature 310k and stagnation pressure 900kpa the exit area of nozzle is 300mm? determine mass flow rate if back pressure is 530 kpa

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A: (3)  P1= 100 kpa P2 = 480 kpa V1 = 400 mL V2 = ? T1 = 22°C = 295 K T2 = 30°C = 303 K

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Kinetic-Theory of Gases

Kinetic theory of gases is the model or method which was developed in the 19th century by Maxwell and Boltzmann. This is possible as the interatomic force which is of short-range forces that are important for solids and liquids can be neglected for gases. This theory or gas law gives a molecular interpretation of the pressure and temperature of a gas and is consistent with gas laws and Avogadro’s hypothesis. This theory is very helpful to correctly explain the specific heat capacities of many gases, kinetic energy and it also explains the transport qualities such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion with molecular parameters. As stated in the kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance or gas particle is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles of that substance. When a substance is heated, some of the absorbed energy is stored within the particles, while some of the energy increases the motion of the particles, called average kinetic energy.