Electron Affinity
When an element undergoes a chemical reaction, it either gains energy or loses energy. This gain or loss of energy is due to the phenomena that occur at atomic level. During reaction, atoms either gain electrons from other atoms or lose electrons to other atoms, and in that process, energy is produced.
P-Block Elements
Elements which are present on the right side of the periodic table are called p-block elements. In addition to the noble gases, they include the families of boron, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. These elements have diverse real-life implementations that we regularly experience around us.
Metals and Non-metals
The periodic table is composed of metals, semi-metals and nonmetal elements. The physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals differ from each other. The study of metals and nonmetals will help one to understand the appropriate application of the particular element.
Explain the trend for size and ionization energy on the periodic table, include the reason for rows and the reason for columns.
The periodic trend indicates the varying properties of elements with its position on the periodic table. The atomic size represents the atomic radius of an atom and ionization energy is the energy needed for removing an electron from atom. In the periodic table, rows are periods and columns are groups.
The number of principal energy level increases down the group resulting in the increase of average distance between electron and nucleus. Hence, the atoms are larger in size down the group. Therefore, the increase in the size of an atom is observed from top to bottom in a column (group) in a periodic table.
The addition of electrons to the same energy level occurs along the period, which increase the number of protons in the nucleus. Hence, the positive charge increases in atom and attracts the valence electrons nearer to the nucleus and the atomic size decreases along the period. Therefore, the size of atom decreases from the left to right in a row (period).
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