Explain the fundamental principles of microcontroller architecture. How do microcontrollers differ from microprocessors, and what are their typical applications?
Explain the fundamental principles of microcontroller architecture. How do microcontrollers differ from microprocessors, and what are their typical applications?
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
A microcontroller contains a CPU core that executes instructions. It's often a low-power, low-performance processor designed for specific tasks.
Memory:
Microcontrollers have coordinated memory, including program memory (flash or ROM) for storing firmware and data memory (RAM) for runtime data storage.
Peripherals:
They work in peripherals like clocks, counters, GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output) pins, UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), ADCs (Analog-to-Digital Converters), and PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) regulators.
Clock Source:
Microcontrollers have an inward clock source or can interface with an outside oscillator, deciding their execution speed.
Instruction Set:
Microcontrollers utilize a particular guidance set custom-fitted to the particular application. These guidelines frequently work with peripherals.
Low Power Consumption:
Designed for low-power operation, making them ideal for battery-powered devices and embedded systems.
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