Explain the following a. Is there any effect of the mass of nucleus on the scattering angle in Rutherford experiment? b. How can we use the formulas of expectation values for energy and momentum to extract their values? Explain. c. Consider an electron moving in a circle of radius r (first level) about a proton, Determine the magnetic dipole moment of an electron. d. Is there any variation in probability density as a function of distance from the nucleus in hydrogen atom? Explain.

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Rutherford's scattering experiment

Rutherford’s scattering experiment is also known as the gold foil experiment. This experiment disproved the plum pudding model of J.J. Thomson. In a gold foil experiment, high-energy alpha particles are made to strike a thin gold foil. The scattered alpha particles are detected using a detector. This experiment showed that the positive charge of the atom is at the center. Most of the atom’s mass is also confined to a small volume at the center. This region is known as the nucleus of the atom.