Explain the differences between glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenosis?
Glucose:
It is a type of simple sugar which is used to produce energy (ATP) in the body.
The body changes the carbohydrates of the food into glucose during digestion in the digestive system. This glucose enters the bloodstream and is supplied to every part of the body to produce energy.
When glucose level is high, then it stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin hormone for its control.
The comparison between the glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenosis is given below:
Criteria for difference | Gluconeogenesis | Glycogenesis | Glycogenosis |
1. Definition and process | It is a biochemical pathway which leads to the production of glucose from some non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.
| It is a process of the glycogen synthesis. In this process the glucose molecules are combined to the chains of glycogen. The glycogen is used for storage. | It is basically a metabolic disease. It is also known as a glycogen storage disease or GSD. |
2. Substrates and occurrence | Occurs by the breakdown of proteins, lipids, and some other steps of metabolism that involves pyruvate and lactate.
| This process occurs during resting periods following the Cori cycle of the liver. | It is usually caused by the enzyme deficiencies which affects either the glycogen production, or glycolysis. It takes place within liver cells and/or the muscles.
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3. Trigger | It occurs due to the hormonal regulation mainly during fasting. | Glycogenesis responds to hormonal control. It is stimulated by the insulin hormone in response to the raised glucose levels.
| GSD are caused by two factors: Genetic and acquired. |
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