Explain the difference between a differential white blood cell count and a total white blood cell count.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Explain the difference between a differential white blood cell count and a total white blood cell count.

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  • The white blood cells are also known as leukocytes are the cells that are a major component of the immune system that helps to protect the body from infections. 
  • The leukocytes contain different types of cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils that are combinedly known as granulocytes. Furthermore, leukocytes include monocytes and lymphocytes.
  • The neutrophils constitute 60-70% of leukocytes and are characterized by multilobed nucleus and are effective against bacterial and fungal infections. The granules contain lysozymes. 
  • The eosinophils constitute a 2.3% volume of leukocytes and have a bi-lobed nucleus. The eosinophils are active against larger parasites and they modulate allergic responses in the body. 
  • The basophils constitute a 0.4% volume of leukocyte and consist of a bi-lobed or a tri-lobed nucleus that appears blue after staining. The basophils are responsible for inducing an inflammatory response by releasing histamine. 
  • The lymphocytes are agranulocytes that makeup about 30% volume of leukocytes. The lymphocytes have a major role in adaptive immunity. 
  • The monocytes constitute 5.3% of the total leukocytes and have a kidney-shaped nucleus. The monocytes get differentiated into macrophages and local Kupffer cells. 
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