Explain the concept of NoSQL databases and how they differ from traditional relational databases in terms of data modeling and scalability.
Explain the concept of NoSQL
Traditional relational databases, often simply referred to as relational databases, are a type of database management system (DBMS) that use a structured and tabular data model to store and manage data. They are based on the principles of the relational data model, which was introduced by Edgar F. Codd in the 1970s. Relational databases are characterized by several key features:
Structured Data: Data in relational databases is organized into tables, also known as relations. Each table consists of rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Columns have predefined data types, and each row represents a single record or data entry.
Schema: Relational databases require a predefined schema that specifies the structure of each table, including the names of columns, their data types, and any constraints (e.g., primary keys, foreign keys) that ensure data integrity and consistency.
Data Integrity: Relational databases enforce data integrity through various constraints, such as primary key constraints (to ensure uniqueness), foreign key constraints (to enforce referential integrity), and check constraints (to define data validation rules).
ACID Properties: Relational databases adhere to the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), which ensure that database transactions are executed reliably and that the data remains in a consistent state even in the event of system failures.
SQL (Structured Query Language): Relational databases use SQL as the query language for data manipulation, retrieval, and management. SQL provides a standardized way to interact with relational databases, allowing users to perform operations like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Traditional relational databases have been widely used for decades and remain a fundamental technology for managing structured data in various applications, including finance, healthcare, e-commerce, and enterprise systems. They are known for their data consistency, reliability, and support for complex querying and reporting.
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