Explain Rearrangements of Chromosomal DNA?
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via phosphodiester bond. It acts as the genetic material of organisms that holds information of structure and functions of a cell. The DNA molecule is passed down from one generation to the next during reproduction.
A chromosome is a compact structure of a DNA molecule wrapped around some proteins. It is generally seen in dividing cells whereas, in metabolically active cells, a somewhat loose state known as chromatin is present.
Any abnormality or mutation that can change the native structure or sequence of a chromosome is termed as chromosomal rearrangement. Different events that can lead to chromosomal rearrangements include translocation, inversion, duplications, and deletions. Generally, a break occurs in the double-strand DNA, and the rejoining of broken ends results in generation of new arrangement of nucleotides.
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