Proteins
We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.
Protein Expression
The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.
Explain Posttranslational modification of proteins?
DNA encodes the genetic information, this information through Central Dogma passed on from DNA to protein (Protein synthesis) which in turn regulates the cells through various metabolic processes. Protein synthesis initiates from the transcription process. Transcription is the process through which messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from the gene of interest (DNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. The mRNA contains the introns (non-coding region) and exons (the coding region which determines the sequence of amino acids). The introns are removed through splicing. The second step of protein synthesis is translation through which spliced mRNA is used for the synthesis of protein and the subsequent post-translational processing of the protein molecule.
The post-translational modification brings about the 3D structure of the protein which is encoded in their DNA. Post translation, protein is modified to move forward them towards maturation and gives its final shape. Post translation modification includes folding, glycosylation, proteolytic cleaving, multimeric protein formation, protein maturation, and finally activation in the Endoplasmic reticulum and transferred to Golgi body and secreted out through exocytosis.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
