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explain in details the digestive, reproductive, and circulatory system of an earthworm, crayfish, frogs, and pig.

explain in details the digestive, reproductive, and circulatory system of an earthworm, crayfish, frogs, and pig.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Digestive, Reproductive, and Circulatory Systems Explained** **Earthworm:** - **Digestive System:** Earthworms have a simple tube-like digestive system that includes a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. Food is ingested and ground in the gizzard before nutrients are absorbed in the intestine. - **Reproductive System:** Earthworms are hermaphrodites, meaning they possess both male and female reproductive organs. During mating, they exchange sperm and fertilize eggs which are later laid in cocoons. - **Circulatory System:** Earthworms have a closed circulatory system, consisting of vessels that circulate blood. Their hearts, known as aortic arches, pump blood through a series of dorsal and ventral vessels. **Crayfish:** - **Digestive System:** Crayfish possess a complex digestive system with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, and digestive glands. Food is processed in the stomach, where gastric mill plates grind it before enzymes from digestive glands maximize nutrient absorption. - **Reproductive System:** Crayfish have separate sexes. Males use specialized appendages to transfer sperm to females, who carry fertilized eggs under their tails until they hatch. - **Circulatory System:** Crayfish have an open circulatory system, with a heart that pumps hemolymph through a network of sinuses and spaces in the body, bathing the organs directly in nutrients and oxygen. **Frogs:** - **Digestive System:** The frog's digestive system includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Food digestion and nutrient absorption primarily occur in the small intestine. - **Reproductive System:** Frogs are typically found in separate sexes, engaging in external fertilization where females release eggs and males release sperm in water. - **Circulatory System:** Frogs have a three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and one ventricle. Blood circulation includes oxygenated blood from lungs to heart and mixing with deoxygenated blood in the ventricle before being pumped out. **Pig:** - **Digestive System:** Pigs have a complex digestive system that includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Digestion involves enzyme breakdown and nutrient absorption occurring primarily in the intestines. - **Reproductive System:** Pigs typically have separate sexes with internal fertilization. Females have a uterus where embryos
Transcribed Image Text:**Digestive, Reproductive, and Circulatory Systems Explained** **Earthworm:** - **Digestive System:** Earthworms have a simple tube-like digestive system that includes a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. Food is ingested and ground in the gizzard before nutrients are absorbed in the intestine. - **Reproductive System:** Earthworms are hermaphrodites, meaning they possess both male and female reproductive organs. During mating, they exchange sperm and fertilize eggs which are later laid in cocoons. - **Circulatory System:** Earthworms have a closed circulatory system, consisting of vessels that circulate blood. Their hearts, known as aortic arches, pump blood through a series of dorsal and ventral vessels. **Crayfish:** - **Digestive System:** Crayfish possess a complex digestive system with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, and digestive glands. Food is processed in the stomach, where gastric mill plates grind it before enzymes from digestive glands maximize nutrient absorption. - **Reproductive System:** Crayfish have separate sexes. Males use specialized appendages to transfer sperm to females, who carry fertilized eggs under their tails until they hatch. - **Circulatory System:** Crayfish have an open circulatory system, with a heart that pumps hemolymph through a network of sinuses and spaces in the body, bathing the organs directly in nutrients and oxygen. **Frogs:** - **Digestive System:** The frog's digestive system includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Food digestion and nutrient absorption primarily occur in the small intestine. - **Reproductive System:** Frogs are typically found in separate sexes, engaging in external fertilization where females release eggs and males release sperm in water. - **Circulatory System:** Frogs have a three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and one ventricle. Blood circulation includes oxygenated blood from lungs to heart and mixing with deoxygenated blood in the ventricle before being pumped out. **Pig:** - **Digestive System:** Pigs have a complex digestive system that includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Digestion involves enzyme breakdown and nutrient absorption occurring primarily in the intestines. - **Reproductive System:** Pigs typically have separate sexes with internal fertilization. Females have a uterus where embryos
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