Explain how it is possible for people to give a false-positive reactionin blood tests for syphilis, AIDS, and infectious mononucleosis.

Q: Discuss the most common immunological mechanismsresponsible for allergies and how these may be…

A: The immune system is responsible for the establishment of an appropriate immune response to…

Q: Suggest reasons why developing a safe and effective vaccine usually takes many years.

A: Vaccines are made by taking weak strains or killed viruses or bacteria so that they can't reproduce…

Q: Is Widal test a confirmatory test for typhoid fever? Explain your answer

A: Enteric fever is caused by certain strains of the genus Salmonella. The diagnosis is dependent on…

Q: Describe the immunological responce to chlamydia in women.

A: INTRODUCTION Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis can cause sexually transmitted disease. The diseases…

Q: Why is a false-positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is defined as a virus that will attack the immune system of an…

Q: state the significance of nontreponemal antiliid (reagin) antibodies in serological testing.

A: Serological testing is a testing done to identify the diseases through the help of blood samples…

Q: How is a person tested for HIV and what are the tests called that are used in the labaortory?

A: Immune system is defined as the complex network of cells, tissues, organs and other substances that…

Q: Describe the disease associated with an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive baby. How is it…

A: Rhesus (Rh) disease happens at the time of pregnancy. It might likewise occur if the mother and…

Q: Identify the effects of immunization on the incidence ofmeasles, mumps, rubella, and chicken pox.

A: Immunization or vaccination is the process by which the immune system of an individual is made…

Q: Explain the difference between the oral polio vaccine and the inactivated polio vaccine, and under…

A: Poliomyelitis is a virus infection. The poliovirus affects the brain, muscles, and spinal cord. The…

Q: Compare and contrast the development of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients and in…

A: Meningitis is the infection of the membranes lining the spinal cord and skull. Cryptococcal…

Q: Describe how both active and passive immunization can be used to combat tetanus.

A: Injecting the antibodies into the systemic circulation is the process involved in artificially…

Q: Differentiate malaria, dengue and typhoid fever according to the periodicity of fever.

A: Dengue fever and malaria are the two significant general health related worries in the tropical and…

Q: Describe the immunological responce to chlamydiae in men.

A: Chlamydiae is a bacterial infection that occurs by se*xually transmitted disease(STD) through…

Q: Differentiate between the hypersensitivity reactions involvingan incompatible blood transfusion and…

A: Any condition that interferes with normal body functioning is considered a disease. Immunity is the…

Q: Explain the reasons for an increase in numbers of pertussis cases.(Think vaccine.)

A: The term pertussis or the 100-day cough is commonly known as whooping cough. The initial symptoms…

Q: a. Seropositivity means having a blood serum that tests positive. Explain why it may or may not…

A: Infectious or non-infectious diseases could affect the body’s functioning. When blood serum is…

Q: Differentiate the screening and confirmatory test for HIV.

A: HIV:- Human Immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS i.e. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in human. In…

Q: Describe the immunological response to chlamydiae.

A: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transferred infection on the…

Q: Discuss that, Is Widal test a confirmatory test for typhoid fever?

A: Enteric fever is caused by certain strains of the genus Salmonella. The diagnosis is dependent on…

Q: state the difference between a qalitative and quanitative serological test

A: The serological tests lookout for antibodies formed in the body by the invasion of foreign proteins…

Q: Explain the reasons for changes in antibody titer for a singleinfectious agent, from the acute phase…

A: Antigen is a foreign particle or infectious agent which elicits the immune response in one body and…

Q: Describe the immunological response to the chlamydia infection (bacteria) in women

A: Chlamydia  It is a common, sexually transmitted infection that is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia…

Q: Account for the several infl ammatory symptoms that occur in the injection site when one has been…

A: Vaccination is the process where a vaccine is injected into our body to develop our immune system to…

Q: Explain why simply having antibodies specific forH. capsulatum in the bloodstream is not evidenceof…

A: In our body there are special system called the IMMUNE SYSTEM that fights against the infections.…

Q: Vaccine against Streptococcus Pneumoniae can reduce incidence of?

A: Vaccine  can be defined as a non - virulent preparation of antigenic material that can be used to…

Q: Name two findings in the evaluation of a blood samplethat would indicate the allergenic basis for…

A: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease associated with respiratory allergy. Atopic dermatitis…

Q: Which of the following could be an effect of type III hypersensitivity? Select one: a. All of these…

A: Hypersensitivity reaction is a condition in which the immune system's ordinarily protective function…

Q: Cases of pneumonia in immunocompromised persons may be caused by Legionella pneumophilia, the…

A: Immunocompromised persons are those which have weak immunity or they have weak immune system.

Q: What advantages does the agglutination test have over the definitive S. aureus test?

A: Agglutination test helps to detect an antigen or antibody and involves agglutination of the…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a primary immunodeficiency? 1) SCID 2) Agammaglobulinemia 3) DiGeorge…

A: Immunodeficiency - This term refers to the defects or deficiencies in the immune system of the body.…

Q: Describe the effects of streptococcal haemoysins giving an example of streptococci that can manifest…

A: The lysis of erythrocytes is known as hemolysis and the enzyme catalyzing this reaction is called…

Q: What is the cause of theimmunodeficiency presentedby AIDS patients?

A: AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a chronic, non-infectious disease that compromises the…

Q: Which person has the disease, or do they both?

A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and…

Q: Describe the production of influenza vaccine.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: a. Explain the significance and limitations of apositive tuberculin test.b. Explain the conditions…

A: Tuberculosis It is a contagious lung parenchymal infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.…

Q: Describe in details for each of the following:  1. SARS-CoV2 mode of transmission  2. COVID-19…

A: Human respiratory virus infections can be fatal on the basis of how it is spread. These viruses…

Q: What definitive test for S. aureus is highly correlated with this agglutination test?

A: Given: What definitive test for S. aureus is highly correlated with this agglutination test?

Q: Explain why a newborn infant is protected from infectionby the measles virus immediately after birth…

A: Immunity specifies are the defense mechanisms carried out to protect the body and from pathogens and…

Q: The TB skin test is usually negative in AIDS patients. Why?

A: The TB skin test is also called the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). The TB skin test is…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can get infl uenza every year even though they…

A: A type of medicine that trains the body's immune system so that it can fight a disease it has not…

Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that manyadolescents who had completed the immunization…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: Explain how the pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to the presence of heterophile…

A: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induces specific antibodies to EBV and various unrelated non-EBV…