Explain how attenuation in conventional medical X-ray imaging leads to projection images of the patient and how the X-ray energy spectrum can be optimised to produce images with good contrast between tissues of different density.

Q: The diameters of the output laser beam spot from a laser source are 2 mm and 3 mm at distances of 2…

A: Given, Diameters of the output laser beam spot, d1=2 mm=2×10-3 m d2=3 mm=3×10-3 m Distance from…

Q: A Co2 laser has a Wavelength of lenGum and a spherical re sona dor length of locm, So what is the…

A: Given: A CO2 laser. Wavelength of the laser beam, λ = 10.6 μm = 10.6×10-6 m Length of spherical…

Q: Integrated Concepts(a) During laser vision correction, a brief burst of 193 nm ultraviolet light is…

A: (a) The heat transfer Q is 0.5 mJ. Convert the value of Q from mJ to J. The change in temperature…

Q: (What parts does an X-ray diffraction device consist of and explain what these parts are used for.)

A: To diffract X ray , the instrument used is known as diffractometer .  .

Q: A laser with 589 nm wavelength and a beam diameter of 2 mm is fed through a beam-expander, then…

A: Given Data: The wavelength of light (λ) = 589 nm = 5.89×10-7m.Beam diameter (d) = 2 mm = 0.002…

Q: A pinhole camera contains a sensitive plate which is 30cm at distance of it. If the photographic…

A: Given that, Distance from pinhole = 30 cm Wavelength = 400 nm

Q: VB= So0 kenlhr VA=600 hnlhr trey hae an Engue D of VBIA= 90o hmlhr 157.4 plne C What s he resultant…

A: Given:vA=600 km/hvB=500 km/hvB/A = 900 km/h   we have to find angle between VA and VB

Q: This time, the incident ray is coming in from water (n=1.33) rather than air. And this time, theta =…

A: Given,n = 1.33θ = 42.5oy = 28.6 cmh = 1.07 cm

Q: X-rays of wavelength 0.200 nm are reflected from a certain crystal, and the first-order maximum…

A:

Q: Give advantages and disadvantages when using a X-ray Powder Diffraction/Diffractometer (XRD). Give…

A: 1. XRD will produce clear, unambiguous results, and as a technique it is both powerful and rapid. 2.…

Q: In order to achieve higher levels of X-ray attenuation than observed for biological tissue, elements…

A: The X-ray absorption coefficient strongly depends on the atomic no of the absorbing atoms, x-ray…

Q: Certain spherical metallic nanoparticles are dispersed in ethanol, whose refractive index at room…

A: Given: The refractive index of ethanol at room temperature is 1.36. At room temperature, the…

Q: 12. Show that [(u V.V + Vu - V ) dv = [[¸uV· ds. %3D

A: Here we have to use divergence formula

Q: List any two applications of ultra violet rays.

A: UV rays from the Sun inactivate the bacteria present in the washed clothes and help to protect us…

Q: (a) What is the frequency of this IR light? Hz (b) Use A = c/f to calculate its wavelength in…

A: Given data: The photon's light energy is: E=1.04×10-19 J The frequency of photon's light is: f The…

Q: 8-0 micrometer core diameter single- inode fiber has ä core refractive index of 2, relative…

A: The radius at which the heat flow keeps on increasing up to a certain distance and then decreases…

Q: 3.) Estimate the optical loss due to Fresnel reflection at a fiber core from GaAs each of refractive…

A: Since this question contains multiple parts , also rest of the part are not cleary visible except…

Q: A crystalline specimen is irradiated with X-rays of wavelength A. Bragg reflexion is observed at…

A:

Q: the physics of xray diffr

A: Bragg’s law is a special case of Laue diffraction which determines the angles of coherent and…

Q: Differentiate the colors in the table based on wavelength in four [4] sentences.

A: 1.Minimum wavelength of res is 625 nm and highest wavelength is 740 nm

Q: Pa)-Two Waves 3 dme disetion alrg a statched staing ohd in tesference with Cach other. The anplitide…

A: Given, Amplitude of the two identical waves in a stretched string,ym = 8.9 mmphase difference…

Q: uistan ViSIon! During the deep X-ray therapy high energy X-rays are used. They are filtered by…

A:

Q: Sa) - Two kight rays of waveknzth 50nm has eual matni thdke ond beftrac thre inkx di fitence in in…

A:

Q: Using an optical system whose focal length ecuals to the diameter of lens and K=0.6 in the air as…

A: The lens is an optical device that converges or diverges the incoming light rays. The lens has to…

Q: L. Anode angle is generally *. 20-35 degree True False S. Filtration in x ray result I an image with…

A: L. True Reason: In order to record the sufficient x-ray intensity so, as to get precise results and…

Q: What is the coherence length (Ic) of an optical coherence tomography system if it uses a lazer with…

A: Coherence length is the distance for which there exists a constant phase relationship and wave…

Q: You are looking into the headlights of a distant vehicle on an autoroute in France. The driver has…

A: Wavelength of light is Diameter of the iris is Distance between the headlights of the vehicle is…

Q: Question: The interplanar distance in a crystal is 2.8 × 10-8 m. The value of maximum wavelength…

A: We have  Interpolar distance d = 2.8 × 10-8 m  λ = wavelength of incident wave  θ= scattering angle…

Q: B- What are the wavelengths that Ti-Sapphire lasers provide? Why this type of materials provides so…

A: A Ti-Sapphire laser usually provides wavelengths ranging between  514 to 532 nm.

Q: mess of 1um. Calculate th minimum resolution

A: Given as,

Q: True or false: red's maximum power is larger than violet's maximum power. Spectral parts UV VIS IR-A…

A: For red spectrum, it can be seen that the spectral irradiance is less than violet spectrum. In case…

Q: Light is incident normally on a completely absorbing surface with an energy flux of 25 Wcm2. If the…

A:

Q: A beam of x-ray is diffracted by a crystal. If the glancing angle is 8 for second order and the…

A: Glancing angle(theta) =8 degree Bragg's law for x-ray diffraction=2*d*Sin(theta) =n*(lambda)  Where…