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Explain genetic engineering step by step using the image.

Explain genetic engineering step by step using the image.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Explain genetic engineering step by step using the image. 

## Introduction to Genetic Engineering: Gene Cloning and Recombinant DNA Technology ### Overview of Diagram The diagram illustrates the process of gene cloning involving human and bacterial cells. It can be divided into two primary sections: A and B. ### Section A: Incorporation of Human DNA into Bacterial Plasmids 1. **Human Cell:** - Depicted on the top left of the diagram. - Contains the human DNA, which is to be inserted into a bacterial cell. 2. **Bacterial Cell:** - Shown on the bottom left. - Contains its own DNA. 3. **Extraction and Combination:** - Human DNA is extracted and isolated. - The bacterial DNA, specifically in the form of a plasmid, is also extracted. - The human DNA segment of interest is inserted into the bacterial plasmid. ### Transition from Section A to Section B - The combined human DNA and bacterial plasmid form a recombinant DNA molecule, which is introduced into a bacterial cell. ### Section B: Replication and Cloning of the Recombinant Bacteria 4. **Bacterial Cell with Recombinant DNA:** - The transformed bacterial cell now contains the recombinant plasmid. 5. **Bacterial Multiplication:** - The recombinant bacterial cell is allowed to divide. - Each division produces more bacterial cells, each containing copies of the recombinant plasmid. 6. **Cloned Cells:** - As the bacterial cells continue to reproduce, they create a population of identical cells, all containing the human DNA segment within their plasmids. - This results in a large number of bacteria, each housing the recombinant DNA, effectively cloning the human gene. ### Summary The diagram represents the fundamental steps of gene cloning, where a gene from human DNA is isolated and inserted into a bacterial plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is then introduced into a bacterial cell, allowing it to replicate and produce multiple bacterial cells containing the cloned gene. This process is essential in genetic engineering and biotechnology for the replication and manipulation of specific genes. --- This transcription is designed for educational use, focusing on descriptive analysis and step-by-step breakdown for better understanding of gene cloning processes in genetic engineering.
Transcribed Image Text:## Introduction to Genetic Engineering: Gene Cloning and Recombinant DNA Technology ### Overview of Diagram The diagram illustrates the process of gene cloning involving human and bacterial cells. It can be divided into two primary sections: A and B. ### Section A: Incorporation of Human DNA into Bacterial Plasmids 1. **Human Cell:** - Depicted on the top left of the diagram. - Contains the human DNA, which is to be inserted into a bacterial cell. 2. **Bacterial Cell:** - Shown on the bottom left. - Contains its own DNA. 3. **Extraction and Combination:** - Human DNA is extracted and isolated. - The bacterial DNA, specifically in the form of a plasmid, is also extracted. - The human DNA segment of interest is inserted into the bacterial plasmid. ### Transition from Section A to Section B - The combined human DNA and bacterial plasmid form a recombinant DNA molecule, which is introduced into a bacterial cell. ### Section B: Replication and Cloning of the Recombinant Bacteria 4. **Bacterial Cell with Recombinant DNA:** - The transformed bacterial cell now contains the recombinant plasmid. 5. **Bacterial Multiplication:** - The recombinant bacterial cell is allowed to divide. - Each division produces more bacterial cells, each containing copies of the recombinant plasmid. 6. **Cloned Cells:** - As the bacterial cells continue to reproduce, they create a population of identical cells, all containing the human DNA segment within their plasmids. - This results in a large number of bacteria, each housing the recombinant DNA, effectively cloning the human gene. ### Summary The diagram represents the fundamental steps of gene cloning, where a gene from human DNA is isolated and inserted into a bacterial plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is then introduced into a bacterial cell, allowing it to replicate and produce multiple bacterial cells containing the cloned gene. This process is essential in genetic engineering and biotechnology for the replication and manipulation of specific genes. --- This transcription is designed for educational use, focusing on descriptive analysis and step-by-step breakdown for better understanding of gene cloning processes in genetic engineering.
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