Explain comprehensively how each demographic transition model stages shift in terms of the birth and death rates.Stage 1: High Population Growth PotentialStage 2: Population ExplosionStage 3: Population Growth Starts to Level OffStage 4: Stationary PopulationStage 5: Further Changes in Birth Rates Demographic Transition Model StagesThe demographic transition model consists of four key stages. There is also a fifth stage that is abit less established; we will explain why that is the case. Finally, the sixth stage is a much newerdevelopment in this field and demonstrates the degree to which the demographic transitionmodel remains evolving and in flux.Stage 1: High Population Growth PotentialThis is generally a pre-industrial society in which both birth and death rates are quite high. Birthrates and death rates are effectively in balance. The lack of food availability as well as adequatemedical care or effective sanitation and hygiene means the population does not grow very muchdue to disease and starvation.The majority of people are concentrated in rural regions, primarily focusing on agriculture. Thisagricultural focus means that having more children is an economic benefit as well as a statussymbol, further contributing to high birth rates and efforts to have larger families. The poorexperience the highest mortality rates of any demographic, but life expectancies are short overall.Stage 2: Population ExplosionThis is the point at which the country begins to experience social and economic development.With more productive agriculture (and thus more food supply), better medical care, and moreeffective sanitation and hygiene, death rates fall quickly and lifespans are longer. The birth rate,however, does not fall at the same time (it does not increase, but rather remains high). Birth ratesfar outpace death rates with the result that the population grows rapidly.The graph below provides a visual to explain this stage-population increases as the birth ratestays the same and the death rate falls significantly:Stage 3: Population Growth Starts to Level OffAt this stage, birth rates decline. This can be attributed to a wide array of social factors,including:Contraception access• Higher wagesFewer families participating in agriculture (meaning less need for large families to workon farms)Improvement in education and social status of womenThe result of this decline in birth rates, as the death rate continues to decline with furtherimprovements in health and sanitation, is that population growth starts to decline as compared tothe second stage. As an example, Mexico began to arrive at stage three at the beginning of the21st century. Additionally, China used its One-Child Policy to attempt to move toward the thirdand fourth stages more quickly than the country might otherwise have done.Stage 4: Stationary PopulationBoth birth and death rates are now low at this stage. As a result, the population may remain thesame or even decrease as birth rates come to be lower than "replacement level"-that is, familiesare having an average of fewer than two children each. At this time, we would expect that thegeneration born during the second stage of demographic transition is aging. Meanwhile, thepotentially shrinking working population must support these elderly members of society. Japan,for instance, is currently dealing with this socio-economic challenge; some consider Japan to beat the fifth stage of the demographic transition model (described below).Stage 5: Further Changes in Birth RatesThis stage is a bit more uncertain. At this stage, some demographers say that fertility rates willexperience shifts to either above or below replacement levels. While some experts argue thatfertility levels will increase, others state the opposite. This depends on the society, too: whilepopulations in China and Australia are expected to fall due to lower birth rates, those in the U.S.,India, and Mexico are expected to increase. Additional stages have also been proposed-this is acontested area and theorists have quite a bit more work to do to come to some kind of consensuswithin the field of demography.Explain comprehensively how each demographic transition model stages shift in terms of thebirth and death rates.

Stage 1 : This is a pre-industrial society generally in which both of the birth and death rates are…

Answered: Explain comprehensively how each…

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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

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