Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![**Question:**
Expired air is 3.90% CO₂. What is the partial pressure of CO₂ in atm if the total pressure is 0.900 atm?
**Options:**
- A. 4.80 atm
- B. 3.51 atm
- C. 0.0351 atm
- D. 0.0433 atm
**Analysis of the Problem:**
This question involves calculating the partial pressure of CO₂ in a mixture of gases. The given percentage represents the volumetric concentration of CO₂, and the total pressure of the gas mixture is provided. The partial pressure can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Partial Pressure of CO}_2 = \left(\frac{\text{Percentage of CO}_2}{100}\right) \times \text{Total Pressure} \]
To find the partial pressure of CO₂ at a total pressure of 0.900 atm, substitute the given values into the formula:
\[ \text{Partial Pressure of CO}_2 = \left(\frac{3.90}{100}\right) \times 0.900 \]
Calculating this will determine the correct option, representing the partial pressure of CO₂ in atm.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3af619a8-05d7-4a08-b6ab-836abf944ec6%2Fec4b62bd-37a2-4abe-9b5f-2c895ef9719d%2Fl9y3nf_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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