Exercise#1 Good voice reproduction via PCM can be achieved with 128 quantization levels. a- How many bits to code a voice signal? b- According to the sampling theorem, samples should be taken at a rate of 8000 samples per second. Determine the data rate for the PCM-encoded digital data. Exercise#2 What SNR ratio is required to achieve a Bandwidth efficiency of 1.0 for QPSK? Assume that the required bit error rate is 10°. R Note that SNR = x, where is the Bandwidth efficiency. No 1.0 10-1 AMI, pseudotemary, ASK, FSK 10-2 10-3 NRZ, tiphase PSK, QPSK 104 10-5 3 dB 10-6 10-7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (E»No) (dB) Figure: Theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) for various encoding scheme Probability of bit error (BER)

Q: 5. A message signal mi() is normalized to a peak voltage of 15V. The average message power is (1004)…

A: SQNR The quantization error—also known as quantization noise—introduced during the analog-to-digital…

Q: fom [Q1] An analog signal with a bandwidth of 4.2kHz is to be converted into binary PCM and…

A: We need to find out data rate for pcm .

Q: H.W: Compute the binary code word values for the amplitudes 0.4 V and 0.78 V, then compute the…

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Q: (1) An ADC samples a signal at a sampling rate of 5 kHz. The sampling dynamic range is 16 bits. What…

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Q: For a CD audio system, the analog signal is digitized such that the signal to quantization ratio is…

A: Given data: Signal to quantization noise ratio SNQ≥96 dB Sampling frequency fs=44100 Hz

Q: 10 channel of telephone (PCM/ TDM) system has sampling frequency is 8 kHz and 16 level quentizer…

A: Given, (PCM/TDM) telephone system has Number of channels (m) =10 Sampling frequency (fs) = 8 kHz…

Q: 1.2 Adding two binary floating numbers 1.1000wo x 2 and-1.0100wo X 22. Assume that we keep 4 bits…

A: Given numbers: a=1.1000×2-1 (in binary) a=0.75 (in decimal) b=-1.0100×2-2 (in binary) b=-0.3125 (in…

Q: 2. Some specific buses are usually used in system except ()

A: Some specific buses are usually used in systemexceptSPI busclock busUart busUSB bus

Q: You are given the following curve. If the signal to noise ration is 10dB per bit and QPSK is used as…

A: Given: The following curve is given: The signal to noise ratio is 10 dB per bit and QPSK is used as…

Q: Q4/ A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bits binary encoder. The bit rate of the…

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Q: In the figure below, an x(t) signal varying between +- 1.6 V is split into 8 quanta levels and…

A: Given : Note : It is the kind notice that according to the guidelines of the company, if the sub…

Q: 1. We use the DFT to compute the amplitude spectrum of a sampled data sequence with a sampling rate…

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Q: 20. A. Consider the audio signal with spectral components limitted to the frequency band of 300 to…

A: We need to find out the number of bits per sample required for given pcm system

Q: 17. A compact disc (CD) records audio signal digitally by using PCM. Assume the audio signal…

A: As per our guidelines we are supposed to be answer the first three questions only.  Kindly repost…

Q: If in a communication system BPSK, QPSK, QASK-8 are used for transmission and reception of digital…

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Q: Exxplain the rellation between BER and E/N_0, where E is the energy per bit, N_0 is the noise…

A: In the digital communication, the normalized signal to noise ratio per bit is given as:

Q: The number of bits per sample in a PCM system has SNqR=45 dB is

A: SNqR can be given as      SNqR =(6n+1.8)db

Q: How did he get the value inside the circle, can you explain step by step? ratio of SNR value over…

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Q: (b) Monophonic music with input voltage of ±10V is sampled at 40 kHz, uniformly quantized and…

A: Given:  Am=±10 Volts, fs=40 kHz, uniformly quantized and encoded.Signal is modulated using QPSK…

Q: A 3 kHz bandwidth signal is sampled at rate of 1.5 nyquist rate. if the maximum quantization error…

A: Given fm= 3 KHz, Nyquist rate (N.R), Sampled rate (S.R). Calculating N.R

Q: ital recording system samples each of two stereo input signals with a 16bit ADC at 44.1k sample per…

A: We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have not mentioned which part you…

Q: The modulation technique of MPSK has the following specification, the data rate of 960kbps and the…

A: To compute the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for MPSK modulation, we can use the formula for…

Q: In an audio system music signal is band limited to 5kHz.It is digitized so that the peak signal…

A: Bartleby has policy to solve only first 3 subparts of a question. So reupload the question for the…

Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: