Exercise 2 1. Why is the thermometer bulb placed just below the arm leading to the condenser? 2. Sketch the ideal distillation curve for two miscible liquids (°C vs. mL). 3. Calculate the mole fraction of each compound in the following mixtures: a. 90.0 g methanol and 10.0 g of water b. 5.0 g ethanol, 50.0 g methanol, and 5.0 g water

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Exercise 2
1. Why is the thermometer bulb placed just below the arm leading to the condenser?
2. Sketch the ideal distillation curve for two miscible liquids (C vs. mL).
3. Calculate the mole fraction of each compound in the following mixtures:
a. 90.0 g methanol and 10.0 g of water
b. 5.0 g ethanol, 50.0 g methanol, and 5.0 g water
REFRACTIVE INDEX
The refractive index (n) of a compound is the ratio of the velocity of light in air to the veloc
of light in a sample medium of the compound. The refractive index is a physical property whic
like melting and boiling points, can be used to determine the purity of a compound. It is a
function of the polarizability of compounds, and is very interface of two different media.
A beam of light is bent when it passes through the interface of two different media. The ligh
beam bends because the velocity changes. The angle of bending or refraction (0.), depends on
density and temperature of the media, the type of molecules present, and on the wavelength of
the incident light. If a medium such as air is taken as a standard and the measurements are
carried out at the same temperature and same wavelength of light, the angle measured (as show-
below) will be a physical property of the other medium...g
Light
ᎾᎥ
Or
Air
Sample
The refractive index (RI) can be determined by computing the ratio of the sine of the angle of
incidence (the angle that incident light makes with an imaginary perpendicular to the int
and sine of the angle of refraction (the angle that the light mala
the same perpendicular). It can be m
Transcribed Image Text:Exercise 2 1. Why is the thermometer bulb placed just below the arm leading to the condenser? 2. Sketch the ideal distillation curve for two miscible liquids (C vs. mL). 3. Calculate the mole fraction of each compound in the following mixtures: a. 90.0 g methanol and 10.0 g of water b. 5.0 g ethanol, 50.0 g methanol, and 5.0 g water REFRACTIVE INDEX The refractive index (n) of a compound is the ratio of the velocity of light in air to the veloc of light in a sample medium of the compound. The refractive index is a physical property whic like melting and boiling points, can be used to determine the purity of a compound. It is a function of the polarizability of compounds, and is very interface of two different media. A beam of light is bent when it passes through the interface of two different media. The ligh beam bends because the velocity changes. The angle of bending or refraction (0.), depends on density and temperature of the media, the type of molecules present, and on the wavelength of the incident light. If a medium such as air is taken as a standard and the measurements are carried out at the same temperature and same wavelength of light, the angle measured (as show- below) will be a physical property of the other medium...g Light ᎾᎥ Or Air Sample The refractive index (RI) can be determined by computing the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (the angle that incident light makes with an imaginary perpendicular to the int and sine of the angle of refraction (the angle that the light mala the same perpendicular). It can be m
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