Exercise 16.11: What is the ppm and ppb of sodium if I dissolve 0.2 grams of NaCl in a 800 ml of water. (Hint! You will first need to determine how much of the 0.2 grams NaCl is due to Na*).

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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**Educational Exercise Transcription and Explanation**

---

**Exercise 16.8:**  
Use the conventions listed above to assign the basis (%(m/m), %(m/v), %(v/v)) for each of the following percent compositions:

a. 30% NH₄NO₃(aq)  
b. 2% Pb paint (dry)  
c. 1.04% glucose in blood  
d. 0.04% blood alcohol content  

**Exercise 16.9:**  
Calculate the ppm and ppb of each of the following samples.

a. 0.0002 grams of NaCl in 100.00 milliliter of water.  
b. 0.02 grams of lead in 1.00 grams of dry paint.  
c. 0.005 grams of arsenic in 24 grams of soil.  

**Exercise 16.10:**  
How many grams of mercury are contained in 6 Kg of swordfish if the fish contained 0.976 ppm Hg?

**Exercise 16.11:**  
What is the ppm and ppb of sodium if I dissolve 0.2 grams of NaCl in a 800 ml of water. (Hint! You will first need to determine how much of the 0.2 grams NaCl is due to Na⁺).

**Exercise 16.12:**  
Starting with a stock solution of 12M HCl, describe how you would make the following solutions.

a. 25 mL @ 0.1M  
b. 150 mL @ 1.0M  
c. 50 mL @ 12M  
d. 75 mL @ 0.001M  

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**Explanation:**

Exercise 16.8 requires understanding how to determine the appropriate percentage measurement type for different compositions, depending on whether they involve mass/mass, mass/volume, or volume/volume ratios.

Exercise 16.9 involves converting given masses of substances into parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) within different mediums.

Exercise 16.10 asks for a calculation on how much mercury is in swordfish, given a specific ppm concentration of Hg.

Exercise 16.11 focuses on calculating ppm and ppb for sodium in a solution, taking into account the proportional contribution of Na⁺ from NaCl.

Exercise 16.12 involves diluting a concentrated solution to prepare solutions with different
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Exercise Transcription and Explanation** --- **Exercise 16.8:** Use the conventions listed above to assign the basis (%(m/m), %(m/v), %(v/v)) for each of the following percent compositions: a. 30% NH₄NO₃(aq) b. 2% Pb paint (dry) c. 1.04% glucose in blood d. 0.04% blood alcohol content **Exercise 16.9:** Calculate the ppm and ppb of each of the following samples. a. 0.0002 grams of NaCl in 100.00 milliliter of water. b. 0.02 grams of lead in 1.00 grams of dry paint. c. 0.005 grams of arsenic in 24 grams of soil. **Exercise 16.10:** How many grams of mercury are contained in 6 Kg of swordfish if the fish contained 0.976 ppm Hg? **Exercise 16.11:** What is the ppm and ppb of sodium if I dissolve 0.2 grams of NaCl in a 800 ml of water. (Hint! You will first need to determine how much of the 0.2 grams NaCl is due to Na⁺). **Exercise 16.12:** Starting with a stock solution of 12M HCl, describe how you would make the following solutions. a. 25 mL @ 0.1M b. 150 mL @ 1.0M c. 50 mL @ 12M d. 75 mL @ 0.001M --- **Explanation:** Exercise 16.8 requires understanding how to determine the appropriate percentage measurement type for different compositions, depending on whether they involve mass/mass, mass/volume, or volume/volume ratios. Exercise 16.9 involves converting given masses of substances into parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) within different mediums. Exercise 16.10 asks for a calculation on how much mercury is in swordfish, given a specific ppm concentration of Hg. Exercise 16.11 focuses on calculating ppm and ppb for sodium in a solution, taking into account the proportional contribution of Na⁺ from NaCl. Exercise 16.12 involves diluting a concentrated solution to prepare solutions with different
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