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Example 4: Three moles of water and one mole of sulfuric acid are mixed isothermally at 0 °C. How much heat must be absorbed or relased to keep the mixture at 0 °C? Use Figure 1.

Example 4: Three moles of water and one mole of sulfuric acid are mixed isothermally at 0 °C. How much heat must be absorbed or relased to keep the mixture at 0 °C? Use Figure 1.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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The image is a phase diagram that illustrates the relationship between enthalpy and temperature concerning the weight percentage of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Here's a detailed explanation: ### Phase Diagram Overview 1. **Axes:** - **X-Axis:** Represents the weight percentage of H₂SO₄, ranging from 0% to 100%. - **Y-Axis:** Represents the enthalpy (kJ/kg of mixture including vapor), with values increasing from -350 to 450 kJ/kg. 2. **Regions:** - The diagram is divided into two main regions: - **Liquid Region:** Located at the bottom part of the diagram where the mixtures exist solely in a liquid state. - **Liquid + Vapor Region:** Situated above the liquid region, indicating where mixtures are in a state of equilibrium between liquid and vapor. 3. **Curves:** - Multiple curves are plotted throughout the graph, each labeled with specific temperatures. These curves signify constant temperature lines: - **Boiling Point at 0.1 MPa:** Illustrated at both ends of the leftmost (100°C to 115.6°C) and rightmost curves (176.1°C to 280.4°C). 4. **Temperature Indicators:** - Specific temperatures are highlighted such as 0°C, 37.8°C, 65°C, 93.3°C, 121.1°C, 148.9°C, 176.1°C, 204.4°C, 232.2°C, 260°C, and 287.8°C. These indicators provide a clear view of how the enthalpy changes with varying H₂SO₄ percentages at different temperatures. This diagram is essential for understanding the thermodynamic properties of sulfuric acid mixtures and can be used to determine how changes in temperature and concentration affect the phase behavior of the mixture.
Transcribed Image Text:The image is a phase diagram that illustrates the relationship between enthalpy and temperature concerning the weight percentage of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Here's a detailed explanation: ### Phase Diagram Overview 1. **Axes:** - **X-Axis:** Represents the weight percentage of H₂SO₄, ranging from 0% to 100%. - **Y-Axis:** Represents the enthalpy (kJ/kg of mixture including vapor), with values increasing from -350 to 450 kJ/kg. 2. **Regions:** - The diagram is divided into two main regions: - **Liquid Region:** Located at the bottom part of the diagram where the mixtures exist solely in a liquid state. - **Liquid + Vapor Region:** Situated above the liquid region, indicating where mixtures are in a state of equilibrium between liquid and vapor. 3. **Curves:** - Multiple curves are plotted throughout the graph, each labeled with specific temperatures. These curves signify constant temperature lines: - **Boiling Point at 0.1 MPa:** Illustrated at both ends of the leftmost (100°C to 115.6°C) and rightmost curves (176.1°C to 280.4°C). 4. **Temperature Indicators:** - Specific temperatures are highlighted such as 0°C, 37.8°C, 65°C, 93.3°C, 121.1°C, 148.9°C, 176.1°C, 204.4°C, 232.2°C, 260°C, and 287.8°C. These indicators provide a clear view of how the enthalpy changes with varying H₂SO₄ percentages at different temperatures. This diagram is essential for understanding the thermodynamic properties of sulfuric acid mixtures and can be used to determine how changes in temperature and concentration affect the phase behavior of the mixture.
**Example 4:** Three moles of water and one mole of sulfuric acid are mixed isothermally at 0 °C. How much heat must be absorbed or released to keep the mixture at 0 °C? Use Figure 1.
Transcribed Image Text:**Example 4:** Three moles of water and one mole of sulfuric acid are mixed isothermally at 0 °C. How much heat must be absorbed or released to keep the mixture at 0 °C? Use Figure 1.
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