Example 4-6: The water flows through the pipe bend with a discharge of 200LS. The bend is placed vertically. The pressure at the entrance is 80 Kpa and the pipe diameter 200mm. Volume of water in the bend 0.06m.The center of gravity of this volume is located 0.50 m from cross-section. The pipe diameter at the exit is 150mm. Find magnitude and direction of the force of water on the bend? P.V: D 150mm C.S2 Im C.S.1 0.4m D 200mm 120 0.50m

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.