Example 3.4. The pipe network of two loops as shown in Fig. 3.11 has to be analyzec by the Hardy Cross method for pipe flows for given pipe lengths L and pipe diameters D The nodal inflow at node 1 and nodal outflow at node 3 are shown in the figure. Assume a constant friction factor f= 0.02.

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Material Selection

A wide variety of engineering applications make use of different materials, depending upon their usage. The materials used in civil engineering vary in their properties such as strength, ductility, brittleness, and creep strength. Depending upon the application and external loading conditions, an engineer must make a wise decision for material selection. A wrong decision would fail in its functionality.