Example-3: Following readings were taken with level. 1.155, 1.565, 2.695, 3.580, 2.085, 2.895, 4.125, Level was shifted after fourth reading. Calculate R.L. all points by H.I. method. Apply check. R.L. of B.M. is 50.0 M.

Q: Q1). The following consecutive readings were taken along a straight line from station (11+090) to…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: A differential levelling circuit began on BM Mil and closed at BM Oak with the elevations indicated…

A:

Q: 1.find interval latidude

A:

Q: Q#1: A profile levelling is carried out and consecutive readings were observed on staff rod along a…

A: Using the following formulae: RL+BS=HI HI-(IS/FS)=RL BS-IS=Rise/Fall Previous RL±Rise/Fall=Next RL

Q: 12. Complete the benchmark-leveling field notes shown in Figure B by computing and recording the HI…

A: Objective: To completer the given leveling notes and perform the arithmetic checks.   Given: Sta.…

Q: What is required is to find all the missing values ​​in the table below for one of the successive…

A: St. B.S I.S F.S Rise Fall Elevation Remark 1 3.150         219.965   2 1.770   3.85   0.700…

Q: The following staff readings were observed successively with a level. The instrument has been…

A: The objective of the question is to calculate the Reduced Level (RL) of all points using the plane…

Q: 1.find interval normal

A:

Q: A line was measured three times and yield the following results; 856.42, 856.69 and 856.12 m.…

A: Answer  Probable error of the mean is given by Em = Esn Es = Probable error of a single measurement…

Q: An eccentricity loaded connection shown in figure 4.37 has a eccentric load of 180 KN. 1325 bolts is…

A: eccentric load =180 kNTo find: The resultant load  The minimum diameter of the bolts  The shearing…

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.