Examine the diagram and answer the questions below. GLYCOLYSIS glycine, serine, alanine, cysteine, threonine pyruvate asparagine acetyl CoA aspartate phenylalanine tyrosine L-malate fumarate 1) Define catabolism: 2) Define anabolism: Co, oxaloacetate succinate valine, isoleucine, methionine, cholesterol, odd chain fatty acids citrate fatty acyl CoA from fatty acids leucine, lysine, tryptophan, - isocitrate CO₂ alpha ketoglutarate Normal Glucose Catabolism Catabolism of other molecules succinyl CoA, ▶CO, glutamate glutamine histidine, proline, arginine 4) In the diagram above, identify all the amino acids and underline or highlight in blue. 5) In the diagram above, identify all the carbon-containing molecules of normal glucose catabolism and underline or highlight in red. 6) In the diagram above, identify the molecule names related to fatty acids and underline o highlight in yellow

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**Understanding Metabolic Pathways and Associated Disorders**

**Examine the diagram and answer the questions below.**

The diagram represents various metabolic pathways, including Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle). It illustrates how different molecules are intermediates or products/reactants within these pathways, as follows:

1. **Glycolysis:**
   - **Pyruvate** is produced from glycolysis and can be converted into **acetyl CoA**.

2. **Citric Acid Cycle:**
   - **Acetyl CoA** combines with **oxaloacetate** to form **citrate**.
   - **Citrate** is eventually converted through a series of steps back to **oxaloacetate**, completing the cycle.
   - Key intermediates include **isocitrate**, **alpha-ketoglutarate**, **succinyl CoA**, **succinate**, **fumarate**, and **L-malate**.

3. **Amino Acid Catabolism:**
   - Various amino acids feed into the cycle at different points. For example:
     - **Aspartate** to **oxaloacetate**.
     - **Glutamate** to **alpha-ketoglutarate**.
     - **Phenylalanine** and **tyrosine** into the cycle intermediates.

4. **Fatty Acid Metabolism:**
   - Fatty acids and specific amino acids (leucine, lysine, and tryptophan) can be converted into **acetyl CoA**.

5. **Disrupted Metabolic Reactions:**
   - Dashed arrows indicate pathways or reactions that can be disrupted and are associated with specific metabolic disorders.

**Questions and Activities:**

1. **Define catabolism:**
   - Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. 

2. **Define anabolism:**
   - Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These processes require energy.

3. **Define metabolism:**
   - Metabolism comprises the chemical reactions in living organisms that maintain life, encompassing both anabolism and catabolism.

4. **Highlighting Metabolic Components in the Diagram:**
   
   a) Identify all the amino acids and underline or highlight in **blue**.
   b) Identify all the carbon-containing molecules of normal glucose catabolism and
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Metabolic Pathways and Associated Disorders** **Examine the diagram and answer the questions below.** The diagram represents various metabolic pathways, including Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle). It illustrates how different molecules are intermediates or products/reactants within these pathways, as follows: 1. **Glycolysis:** - **Pyruvate** is produced from glycolysis and can be converted into **acetyl CoA**. 2. **Citric Acid Cycle:** - **Acetyl CoA** combines with **oxaloacetate** to form **citrate**. - **Citrate** is eventually converted through a series of steps back to **oxaloacetate**, completing the cycle. - Key intermediates include **isocitrate**, **alpha-ketoglutarate**, **succinyl CoA**, **succinate**, **fumarate**, and **L-malate**. 3. **Amino Acid Catabolism:** - Various amino acids feed into the cycle at different points. For example: - **Aspartate** to **oxaloacetate**. - **Glutamate** to **alpha-ketoglutarate**. - **Phenylalanine** and **tyrosine** into the cycle intermediates. 4. **Fatty Acid Metabolism:** - Fatty acids and specific amino acids (leucine, lysine, and tryptophan) can be converted into **acetyl CoA**. 5. **Disrupted Metabolic Reactions:** - Dashed arrows indicate pathways or reactions that can be disrupted and are associated with specific metabolic disorders. **Questions and Activities:** 1. **Define catabolism:** - Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. 2. **Define anabolism:** - Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These processes require energy. 3. **Define metabolism:** - Metabolism comprises the chemical reactions in living organisms that maintain life, encompassing both anabolism and catabolism. 4. **Highlighting Metabolic Components in the Diagram:** a) Identify all the amino acids and underline or highlight in **blue**. b) Identify all the carbon-containing molecules of normal glucose catabolism and
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