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Evaluate the gel provided below. Use the notes to help you read the gel: DNA is loaded in the wells (little pockets) at the top. The wells are the dark spaces under the numbers. DNA moves from the wells into the gel. The smaller the DNA the more quickly it moves. The samples on the ends are DNA ladders. We know the sizes of each of those bands and can use them to estimate the size of the DNA in the patient samples.

Evaluate the gel provided below. Use the notes to help you read the gel: DNA is loaded in the wells (little pockets) at the top. The wells are the dark spaces under the numbers. DNA moves from the wells into the gel. The smaller the DNA the more quickly it moves. The samples on the ends are DNA ladders. We know the sizes of each of those bands and can use them to estimate the size of the DNA in the patient samples.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Gel Electrophoresis Analysis **Instructions on Reading the Gel:** - DNA is loaded into wells (small pockets) at the top of the gel. The wells appear as dark spaces under the numbers. - DNA moves through the gel, with smaller DNA fragments moving more quickly. - The samples on the ends are DNA ladders, serving as size references to estimate DNA sizes in patient samples. **Gel Image Description:** 1. **DNA Ladder**: Provides reference for estimating the size of DNA fragments. Visible markers include bands at 100 and 300 base pairs (bp). 2. **Positive Control**: Verifies the test's ability to detect the target DNA. 3. **Patient 1 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 4. **Patient 2 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 5. **Patient 3 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 6. **Negative Control**: Should show no bands; any presence of bands indicates contamination. 7. **DNA Ladder**: Again provides a reference for fragment sizes. **Discussion Questions:** 1. **Purpose of Controls**: - Positive controls confirm that the test functions correctly in detecting the target sequence when present. - Negative controls ensure there is no contamination that could lead to false positives. 2. **Impact of Flawed Test Kits**: - Misidentification of negative controls as positive could lead to overdiagnosis, prompting unnecessary treatments or interventions. 3. **CDC's Decision to Use Tests**: - Using the test despite flaws may be justified if the benefits of case detection outweigh the risks of misdiagnosis, particularly during urgent health situations. 4. **Evaluation of Patient Results**: - All patient samples (3-5) show bands similar to the positive control, suggesting the presence of the target DNA, potentially indicating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Transcribed Image Text:### Gel Electrophoresis Analysis **Instructions on Reading the Gel:** - DNA is loaded into wells (small pockets) at the top of the gel. The wells appear as dark spaces under the numbers. - DNA moves through the gel, with smaller DNA fragments moving more quickly. - The samples on the ends are DNA ladders, serving as size references to estimate DNA sizes in patient samples. **Gel Image Description:** 1. **DNA Ladder**: Provides reference for estimating the size of DNA fragments. Visible markers include bands at 100 and 300 base pairs (bp). 2. **Positive Control**: Verifies the test's ability to detect the target DNA. 3. **Patient 1 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 4. **Patient 2 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 5. **Patient 3 Sample**: Contains visible bands similar to the positive control, indicating the presence of target DNA. 6. **Negative Control**: Should show no bands; any presence of bands indicates contamination. 7. **DNA Ladder**: Again provides a reference for fragment sizes. **Discussion Questions:** 1. **Purpose of Controls**: - Positive controls confirm that the test functions correctly in detecting the target sequence when present. - Negative controls ensure there is no contamination that could lead to false positives. 2. **Impact of Flawed Test Kits**: - Misidentification of negative controls as positive could lead to overdiagnosis, prompting unnecessary treatments or interventions. 3. **CDC's Decision to Use Tests**: - Using the test despite flaws may be justified if the benefits of case detection outweigh the risks of misdiagnosis, particularly during urgent health situations. 4. **Evaluation of Patient Results**: - All patient samples (3-5) show bands similar to the positive control, suggesting the presence of the target DNA, potentially indicating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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