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Evaluate the choices below and determine which of the following brought about/resulted in the Second Industrial Revolution. A. Innovators developed a process to produce steel inexpensively.   B.Engineers built the first internal combustion engine.   C. Engineers used steam engines.   D. Scientists invented a process for extracting oil from coal

Evaluate the choices below and determine which of the following brought about/resulted in the Second Industrial Revolution. A. Innovators developed a process to produce steel inexpensively.   B.Engineers built the first internal combustion engine.   C. Engineers used steam engines.   D. Scientists invented a process for extracting oil from coal

Social Psychology (10th Edition)
Social Psychology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134641287
Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
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Evaluate the choices below and determine which of the following brought about/resulted in the Second Industrial Revolution.

A. Innovators developed a process to produce steel inexpensively.
 
B.Engineers built the first internal combustion engine.
 
C. Engineers used steam engines.
 
D. Scientists invented a process for extracting oil from coal.
Theories: Many political and economic theories emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including capitalism, socialism, and communism. Capitalism: Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of land and resources. A capitalist, Adam Smith believed that individuals should own and control businesses and make all the decisions about them. Smith believed that business owners take great risks when they invest in equipment and workers to produce goods. They are committed to finding the best ways to run the business and should have control over production and profits. In the end, workers and the public will benefit. Communism: Contrary to Adam Smith, Karl Marx believed that capitalism, however, would not survive. Known as a revolutionary communist who wrote The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx believed that all of history has been a struggle between the two classes of people: The Proletariat, or workers, and the Bourgeoisie, or business owners. Workers are responsible for the production of goods in a business, but business owners exploit their workers. Thus, the workers should revolt, overthrow the wealthy business owners, take over the businesses, and set up a government to run the economy on their own behalf. Socialism: In a socialist system, the government controls property, and the distribution of income. Robert Owen was a famous socialist. Own believed that workers should have a share in the profits. Reactions to the Problems of Industrialization: Industrialization often brought poor working conditions to many laborers. Thus, in the late 1800s, factory workers joined together to forms labor unions in order to improve working conditions. Other reactions to the problems created by the Second Industrial Revolution include: additional police officers, new sewers, workhouses, and the Factory Acts. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, European leaders such as Bismarck and Lloyd George, began to introduce reforms to improve the lives of the working class, including: old age pensions, accident insurance, and labor unions.
Transcribed Image Text:Theories: Many political and economic theories emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including capitalism, socialism, and communism. Capitalism: Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of land and resources. A capitalist, Adam Smith believed that individuals should own and control businesses and make all the decisions about them. Smith believed that business owners take great risks when they invest in equipment and workers to produce goods. They are committed to finding the best ways to run the business and should have control over production and profits. In the end, workers and the public will benefit. Communism: Contrary to Adam Smith, Karl Marx believed that capitalism, however, would not survive. Known as a revolutionary communist who wrote The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx believed that all of history has been a struggle between the two classes of people: The Proletariat, or workers, and the Bourgeoisie, or business owners. Workers are responsible for the production of goods in a business, but business owners exploit their workers. Thus, the workers should revolt, overthrow the wealthy business owners, take over the businesses, and set up a government to run the economy on their own behalf. Socialism: In a socialist system, the government controls property, and the distribution of income. Robert Owen was a famous socialist. Own believed that workers should have a share in the profits. Reactions to the Problems of Industrialization: Industrialization often brought poor working conditions to many laborers. Thus, in the late 1800s, factory workers joined together to forms labor unions in order to improve working conditions. Other reactions to the problems created by the Second Industrial Revolution include: additional police officers, new sewers, workhouses, and the Factory Acts. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, European leaders such as Bismarck and Lloyd George, began to introduce reforms to improve the lives of the working class, including: old age pensions, accident insurance, and labor unions.
Unit 2: Europe and the Second Industrial Revolution During the Second Industrial Revolution, there was a shift from making goods by hand, using manpower, to making them with machines. In addition to people with money willing to invest it, people capable of working and some with managerial skills and insight into the marketplace, access to abundant natural resources is necessary for any nation to become an industrialized society. th th The Second Industrial Revolution of the late 19 and early 20 centuries began when inventors came up with new methods for producing steel inexpensively, in large quantities. It marked a period of new growth. th Early in the 20 Century, (by 1910), Germany became the new powerhouse of industry in Europe by producing the most steel. Though Germany was THE leading power, England was also an industrial power during the Second Industrial Revolution. Both Germany and England (Great Britain) were able to industrialize relatively quickly because they had abundant natural resources, including coal. Industrialization often brought poor working conditions to many laborers. Thus, in the late 1800s, factory workers in Germany and elsewhere banded together to forms labor unions in order to improve working conditions.
Transcribed Image Text:Unit 2: Europe and the Second Industrial Revolution During the Second Industrial Revolution, there was a shift from making goods by hand, using manpower, to making them with machines. In addition to people with money willing to invest it, people capable of working and some with managerial skills and insight into the marketplace, access to abundant natural resources is necessary for any nation to become an industrialized society. th th The Second Industrial Revolution of the late 19 and early 20 centuries began when inventors came up with new methods for producing steel inexpensively, in large quantities. It marked a period of new growth. th Early in the 20 Century, (by 1910), Germany became the new powerhouse of industry in Europe by producing the most steel. Though Germany was THE leading power, England was also an industrial power during the Second Industrial Revolution. Both Germany and England (Great Britain) were able to industrialize relatively quickly because they had abundant natural resources, including coal. Industrialization often brought poor working conditions to many laborers. Thus, in the late 1800s, factory workers in Germany and elsewhere banded together to forms labor unions in order to improve working conditions.
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