Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules, yet the DNA of a chromosome retains a high level of underwinding (supercoiling) throughout its length. How does eukaryotic chromosomal DNA maintain its supercoiling? Nonhistone proteins link the free ends of linear chromosomes, and negative supercoils form in response to the helical stress. A type II topoisomerase uses energy from ATP to introduce negative supercoils in the DNA. A negative and positive supercoil form when the DNA wraps around a histone protein. Topoisomerases relax the positive supercoil, leaving a net negative supercoil. Large segments of DNA are organized in loops, and protein binding at the base of the loop restricts free DNA rotation.

Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules, yet the DNA of a chromosome retains a high level of underwinding (supercoiling) throughout its length. How does eukaryotic chromosomal DNA maintain its supercoiling? Nonhistone proteins link the free ends of linear chromosomes, and negative supercoils form in response to the helical stress. A type II topoisomerase uses energy from ATP to introduce negative supercoils in the DNA. A negative and positive supercoil form when the DNA wraps around a histone protein. Topoisomerases relax the positive supercoil, leaving a net negative supercoil. Large segments of DNA are organized in loops, and protein binding at the base of the loop restricts free DNA rotation.

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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