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Eukaryotes have evolved a mechanism to solve the end replication problem of their linear chromosomal DNA molecules by having repetitive sequences (the telomeres) at the end of their chromosomes. The template for the extension synthesis of the telomeres is not even on the chromosomal DNA! Most human somatic cells (cells other than germ cells and stem cells) usually can divide a limited number of times (~40-60 times in culture) before they die or go into dormant state (senesce). The number is called the Haylick limit. The reason is that telomerase is not active (expressed) in most normal human somatic cells. (a) What molecule in the human cells provides the template for the synthesis of the telomeres? Is it a DNA molecule or RNA molecule?

Eukaryotes have evolved a mechanism to solve the end replication problem of their linear chromosomal DNA molecules by having repetitive sequences (the telomeres) at the end of their chromosomes. The template for the extension synthesis of the telomeres is not even on the chromosomal DNA! Most human somatic cells (cells other than germ cells and stem cells) usually can divide a limited number of times (~40-60 times in culture) before they die or go into dormant state (senesce). The number is called the Haylick limit. The reason is that telomerase is not active (expressed) in most normal human somatic cells. (a) What molecule in the human cells provides the template for the synthesis of the telomeres? Is it a DNA molecule or RNA molecule?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Eukaryotes have evolved a mechanism to solve the end replication problem of their linear chromosomal DNA molecules by having repetitive sequences (the telomeres) at the end of their chromosomes. The template for the extension synthesis of the telomeres is not even on the chromosomal DNA! Most human somatic cells (cells other than germ cells and stem cells) usually can divide a limited number of times (~40-60 times in culture) before they die or go into dormant state (senesce). The number is called the Haylick limit. The reason is that telomerase is not active (expressed) in most normal human somatic cells. (a) What molecule in the human cells provides the template for the synthesis of the telomeres? Is it a DNA molecule or RNA molecule? (b) Briefly describe how a telomere is replicated or extended. (c) Cancer cells behave like stem or germ cells. They can propagate/divide continuously without loosing their genomes (chromosomes). Some biologists have suggested that the activation of the telomerase would be required for a normal human cell to be cancerous, and telomerase inhibitor might be able to prevent cancer. Explain why this might be the case.
Transcribed Image Text:Eukaryotes have evolved a mechanism to solve the end replication problem of their linear chromosomal DNA molecules by having repetitive sequences (the telomeres) at the end of their chromosomes. The template for the extension synthesis of the telomeres is not even on the chromosomal DNA! Most human somatic cells (cells other than germ cells and stem cells) usually can divide a limited number of times (~40-60 times in culture) before they die or go into dormant state (senesce). The number is called the Haylick limit. The reason is that telomerase is not active (expressed) in most normal human somatic cells. (a) What molecule in the human cells provides the template for the synthesis of the telomeres? Is it a DNA molecule or RNA molecule? (b) Briefly describe how a telomere is replicated or extended. (c) Cancer cells behave like stem or germ cells. They can propagate/divide continuously without loosing their genomes (chromosomes). Some biologists have suggested that the activation of the telomerase would be required for a normal human cell to be cancerous, and telomerase inhibitor might be able to prevent cancer. Explain why this might be the case.
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