Ethylene glycol, formula C2H6O2, is used as antifreeze for automobiles and is sometimes mixed with water at a 1:1 ratio by volume and produces a solution with a density of 1.07 g/mL. Assume that the solution behaves ideally. Notes: at 25 °C the densities of water and ethylene glycol are 1.00 g/mL and 1.11 g/mL, respectively, the vapor pressures of water and ethylene glycol at 20 oC are 17.54 torr and 0.06 torr, respectively, and Kb and Kf of water are 0.51 K/m and 1.86 K/m, respectively. a. What is the freezing point of this solution? b. What is the vapor pressure, in torr, of this solution at 20 °C? c. What is the osmotic pressure, in atm, of this solution at 25 °C and 0 °C? d. What is the mass percent (m/m)% of this solution?

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Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic organic compound or aromatic system is an important class of hydrocarbons under the branch of organic chemistry. Aromatic compounds are also called arenas. The definition of aromatic organic compounds can be stated as a class of organic compounds with a planar cyclic ring of atoms bonded through alternated single and double bonds. Due to these alternating bonds, a peculiar feature termed as ‘resonance’, that is, delocalization of pi electrons or the electrons is shared within the atoms of the ring which are present in the aromatic compounds. The word ‘aromatic’ includes a Greek word ‘aroma’ which means smell, indicating that they were named as such due to the sweet odor they produce. Many well-known flavors such as vanilla, cinnamon, and few scents from flowers are extracted from aromatic compounds. Benzene with chemical formula C6H6 is a very common aromatic compound that contains six atoms of carbon held in the cyclic ring of alternate double bonds. It is also to be noted that not all aromatic compounds contain benzene ring. This can be explained by Huckel’s rule.